Question

1. Which of the following is NOT expected after a glucose rich meal consumed by a type I diabetic?

beta cells do not respond

insulin sensitivity remains approximately normal

increased glucagon secretion

insulin levels are low

2. Which of the following would NOT lower blood pressure?

ADH

an alpha receptor antagonist

a beta receptor antagonist

an drug that inhibits the synthesis of angiotensin II

3. Which of the following is true of hormones secreted from the neural (posterior) lobe of the pituitary gland?

their secretion is controlled by hormones from the hypophyseal portal vein

they are secreted in response to intermediate lobe hormones

they are secreted by hypothalamic neurons

their secretion is controled by hypothalamic hormones

4. Which of the respiratory chemoreceptors responds to decreasing oxygen levels the most slowly?

oxygen

CO2

Answer 1

1. After a glucose rich meal consumed by a type 1 diabetic patient we will not expect increased glucagon levels. This is because in type 1 diabetes, beta cells are damaged so their is no production of insulin and therefore they cannot change their insulin levels in respond to changes in blood glucose level. Glucagon is secreted when the blood glucose level is high , in type 1 diabetes after high glucose glucagon is not produced by beta cells, rest all options are correct.

2. ADH (antidiuretic hormone) will not work to lower the blood pressure. Rest all work to lower the blood pressure. ADH helps in regulating the blood pressure by acting on the kidneys and blood vessels. ADH increasesthe amount of solute free water reabsorbed from filtrate, it then constricts the arteriole which increases peripheral vascular resistance and increase blood pressure.

3. The hormones secreted from the posterior lobe of pituitary are ADH and oxytocin. They are secreted into the blood when the hypothalamic neurons fire. These hormones are synthesized by the hypothalamic neurons . There action is independent of the hypothalamic horomes.

4. oxygen responds slowly to decreasing oxygen levels , because as the alveolar oxygen decreases the ventilation increases , and at a given alveolar pO2 , ventilation depends on alveolar pCO2 . CO2 is increased and it increases ventilation.