Question

You were the top student in your physiology class last semester. For this reason, your professor has asked that you prepare some lectures for her physiology class this semester. Specifically, she would like you to discuss the similarities and differences between the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, in terms of pressure gradients and fluid flow. A. Explain how you will describe the role of the following structures: the pump and the tubes. B. Explain how you will describe the importance of an open vs. closed system and the relevant differences between liquids and gases. C. What is fundamentally different about the respiratory pump compared to the cardiac pump, and why does this difference exist?

Answer 1

respiratory and cardiovascular system are important components of human beings . both thsese systems are also connected. respiratory system concerned with transports of gases like oxygen from atmosphere into the body and carbon dioxide gas from body to outside . cardiovascular system are concerned with transports of threse gases along with other essenyial materials to the body from one place to other through bloos circulation . humans cardiovascular system is closed type , which means blood is passing through proper channels like blood vessels , not directly connected with tissues. substances from the blood vessels like gases diffuses along the blood veseel wall and reaches the nearby tissues.

both thses organ function automatically without our knowledge and their higher centres are located in medulla of brainstem. the respiration consists of inspiration and expiration and similarly heart pumbing consists of systole and diastole . inspiration is active process which means contraction of diaphram , other thoracic muscles .. needed . expiration is passive process , no need of any contraction of muscle , instead relaxation of diaphram occurs .

during inspiration diaphram contracts and so that it moves more towars the abdominal cavity and lung expansion allows reduced intrathoracis pressure , which allows atmospheric air to rush into the lungs . normaly the pressure in between the pleura is kept negetive to prevent collapse of lung at rest ,

during respiration , the intrathoracic pressure decreases and it increases the venous return to herat .

cardiac pump function to deliver oxygen rich blood to various parts of human body ,. heart contains 4 chambers , two atrium and two ventricles . impure blood collected from various parts of body and drained into the right atrium of heart through superior and inferior venecava. from here blood goes into the righ ventricle through tricuspid valve area , and from here blood goes to the pulmonary artery and to get oxygenated while passing through the cappilaries surrounding the alveoli. from here pure blood goes to the left atrium through pulmonary veins , and through mitral valve area reaches left ventricle and from here as the heart contracts , blood pumped through aorta to various body region. closed system allows each cells have equal oppurtunity for getting nutrients and removal of the waste products . and these blood are in vessels , they can create pressure and hence reach peripheral regions of body very fastly compared to open circulation, and transportation of gases to different places also need the helps of closed circulation .