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BIOL 102

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Choose any system of the human body (respiratory system) and prepare a response to the following questions in 1-2 pages:
1. Introduction (Explain the system with the components)

2. Body (Explain how the system relates to achieve homeostasis in human body)

3. Conclusion (Choose any disease common in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and explain how and which part of the system is affected)

Answer 1

1. The primary organs of the respiratory system are the lungs, which function to take in oxygen and expel carbon dioxide as we breathe. The human respiratory system contains respiratory tract which is the path of air from the nose to the lungs. this tract is divided into two, The upper respiratory tract which consists of pair of nostrils, nasal cavity, pharynx, The pharynx is part of both the digestive and respiratory systems, for the digestive system its muscular walls function in the process of swallowing and for the respiratory system in allowing inhaled air entering the nasal cavity to make its way to the respiratory tract , which includes the larynx, the trachea, the larynx connects the pharynx to trachea, and plays a vital role in the respiratory tract by allowing air to pass through it while keeping food and drink from blocking the airway. The lower respiratory consists of the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and the pair of lungs, the trachea, commonly known as the windpipe, in the lungs there are tiny air sacs known as alveoli, which plays an important role in exchange of gases like oxygen and carbon di oxide.

2. Respiratory system maintains homeostasis in two ways, Gas exchange and regulation of blood ph.

Gas exchange occurs in the alveoli in the lungs, this occurs due to difference in the partial pressure of oxygen and carbon di oxide in the tissues and capillaries, blood flows from a high pressure to low pressure, in the alveoli the partial pressure of oxygen is more than the capillary so oxygen flows from the alveoli to the capillaries, but the partial pressure of carbon di oxide is high in the capillaries so carbon di oxide passes from the capillaries to the alveoli and than expelled out, in this way gas exchange occurs in the lungs.

The respiratory system contributes to the balance of acids and bases in the body by regulating the blood levels of carbonic acid, when carbon di oxide levels rise in blood, it will make the blood acidic, in response to this lungs will increase the rate and depth of breathing so that excess carbon di oxide is expelled out thus restoring normal ph, when the carbon di oxide levels are low the lungs respond by reducing the rate and depth of breathing so as to retian carbon di oxide thus restoring acid base balance.

3. One of the most common lung disorder in Sudia arabia is Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD),  a general term for a number of chronic pulmonary diseases which impede the air flow in the lungs, such as the chronic bronchitis, In COPD the airways in your lungs become inflamed and thicken, and the alveoli tissue, where oxygen is exchanged is destroyed because of which flow of air in and out of your lungs decreases, when this happens, less oxygen gets into your body tissues, and it becomes harder to get rid of the waste gas like carbon dioxide. As the disease gets worse, shortness of breath makes it harder to remain active.