Question

1. There are a number of different vectors that are used for different purposes in research and for biotechnolgy. Compare the use of a Ti plasmid in gnerating a transgenic plant with the use of a BAC in sequencing the human genome.

Answer 1

A Ti or tumor inducing plasmid which frequently, but not always, is a part of the genetic apparatus which Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Agrobacterium rhizogenes make use of to transduce their genetic matter to plants. A transgenic plant is a plant with an incorporation of DNA from another organism. The technology can be employed as a instrument for researchers in order to collect facts about hypotheses and introduce helpful genes as a means of improving crops . The genetic matter which is introduced is called T DNA or transferred DNA that is to be found on a Ti plasmid. A Ti plasmid is a round piece of DNA which is found in nearly all bacteria. The natural capability to modify the plant's genetic composition was the basis of plant transformation using Agrobacterium. Bacteria have resident DNA which remains within the bacteria as well as the plasmid DNA which is able to pass through outside the bacteria into other cells. The transformation technique which is being more extensively used in many plant species makes use of Agrobacteriumtumefaciens which a soil bacteria that works as a natural genetic engineer.

A bacterial artificial chromosome is a DNA construct, which is based on a practical fertility plasmid ,which is used for transforming and cloning in bacteria, by and large E. coli. F-plasmids take part in a crucial role for the reason that they have partition genes which encourage the even allocation of plasmids subsequent to bacterial cell division. The bacterial artificial chromosome's typical insert size is 150–350 kbp. A analogous cloning vector known sa PAC has also been formed from the DNA of P1 bacteriophage.

BACs are commonly used to sequence the genome of organisms in genome projects, like in the Human Genome Project. A small piece of the organism's DNA is enlarged as an insert in BACs, and afterward sequenced. Lastly, the sequenced parts are rearranged in silico, which results in the genomic sequence of the organism.

BACs are now being used to a larger degree in modeling, frequently beside transgenic mice. BACs have been helpful in this field as complex genes may possibly have quite a few regulatory sequences upstream of the encoding sequence, which include a variety of promoter sequences which will administer a gene's expression level. BACs have been used to a little scale of achievement with mice while studying neurological diseases like Alzheimer's disease or in the case of aneuploidy related with Down syndrome. In many instances they have been used to learn particular oncogenes related with cancers. BACs are favored for tese kind of genetic studies for the reason that they accommodate much larger sequences without the threat of reorganization, and are consequently more stable than other types of cloning vectors.