In: Anatomy and Physiology
Task 1:
Which one is more superficial? A or B?
Answer:
1. A. Rectus femoris OR B. Sartorius ______
2. A. Gastrocnemius OR B. Soleus ______
3. A. Internal oblique OR B. Rectus abdominis ______
4. A. Flexor digitorum superficialis OR B. Flexor digitorum
profundus ______
5. A. Biceps brachii OR B. Brachialis ______
6. A. Pronator teres OR B. Supinator ______
7. A. Masseter OR B. Buccinator ______
8. A. External intercostal OR B. Internal intercostal ______
9. A. Trapezius OR B. Rhomboid minor ______
10. A. Depressor labii inferioris OR B. Mentalis
11. A. Masseter OR B. Medial pterygoid _____
12. A. Sternocleidomastoid OR B. Platysma ______
13. A. Posterior scalene muscles OR B. Trapezius ______
14. A. Trapezius OR B. Omohyoid ______
15. A. Erector spinae OR B. Serratus posterior ______
16. A. Semispinalis capitis OR B. Splenius capitis ______
17. A. Pectoralis major OR B. Pectoralis minor ______
18. A. Serratus anterior OR B. External intercostal ______
19. A. Quadratus femoris OR B. Gluteus maximus ______
20. A. Extensor digitorum longus OR B. Tibialis anterior____
Task 2. – Organizational patterns and shapes of skeletal muscle fibers
Provide an example for each pattern/shape.
1. Circular
__________________________________________________________
2. Unipennate
__________________________________________________________
3. Bipennate
__________________________________________________________
4. Multipennate
__________________________________________________________
5. Parallel
__________________________________________________________
6. Convergent
__________________________________________________________
7. Fusiform
__________________________________________________________
8. “Triangular”
__________________________________________________________
9. Trapezoid
__________________________________________________________
10. Diamond-shaped
__________________________________________________________
Task 3. – Naming based on location (body region), action, origin
and insertion, size, shape, and orientation of muscle fibers
Provide an example for each naming.
1. Body region
__________________________________________________________
2. Action
__________________________________________________________
3. Size
__________________________________________________________
4. Shape
__________________________________________________________
5. Orientation of fibers
__________________________________________________________
Task 4. – List the muscles of….
1. Facial expression (18): number in parenthesis means the number
of muscles I am looking for (order is irrelevant)
1. __________________________________________________________
2. __________________________________________________________
3. __________________________________________________________
4. __________________________________________________________
5. __________________________________________________________
6. __________________________________________________________
7. __________________________________________________________
8. __________________________________________________________
9. __________________________________________________________
10.
__________________________________________________________
11.
__________________________________________________________
12.
__________________________________________________________
13.
__________________________________________________________
14.
__________________________________________________________
15.
__________________________________________________________
16.
__________________________________________________________
17.
__________________________________________________________
18. __________________________________________________________
Which one is more superficial?
1. A. Rectus femoris OR B. Sartorius.
___Satrorius is the most superficial. travels obliquely from the
anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) to the medial side of the
proximal tibia
2. A. Gastrocnemius OR B. Soleus. ___. The soleus
muscle, located deep/anterior to the medial and lateral
gastrocnemius muscle heads
3. A. Internal oblique OR B. Rectus abdominis. ___
Internal oblique is deeper to external oblique and rectus.
4. A. Flexor digitorum superficialis OR B. Flexor
digitorum profundus ____Flexor digitorum profundus lies deep to the
superficialis.
5. A. Biceps brachii OR B. Brachialis ______ The
brachialis muscle lies deep to the biceps brachii, and is found
more distally than the other muscles of the arm
6. A. Pronator teres OR B. Supinator ______ The
pronator teres is superficial and supinator lies depeer to
it.
7. A. Masseter OR B. Buccinator ______ The
masseter is the most superficial muscle of mastication.
8. A. External intercostal OR B. Internal
intercostal ______ The internal intercostal muscles form the deeper
layer
9. A. Trapezius OR B. Rhomboid minor ______
Rhomboid minor lies deep to trapezius but superficial to the long
spinal muscles.
10. A. Depressor labii inferioris OR B. Mentalis
__ Superolateral portion of DLI partially covers the mentalis
muscle.
11. A. Masseter OR B. Medial pterygoid _____Masseter is the most superficial muscle of mastication.
12. A. Sternocleidomastoid OR B. Platysma ______ Platysma overlaps the Sternocleidomastoid
13. A. Posterior scalene muscles OR B.
Trapezius ______ The posterior scalene muscle is
more superficial when compared to the posterior scalene.
14. A. Trapezius OR B. Omohyoid ______ The
trapezius is superficial to omohyoid.
15. A. Erector spinae OR B. Serratus posterior
______ The serratus posterior is superficial to the erector
spinae.
16. A. Semispinalis capitis OR B. Splenius capitis
______ The semispinalis capitis is situated at the upper and back
part of the neck, deep to the splenius
17. A. Pectoralis major OR B. Pectoralis minor
______ The pectoralis minor muscle lies deeper to the Pectoralis
major
18. A. Serratus anterior OR B. External
intercostal ______ Serratus anterior originates on the surface of
the 1st to 8th ribs at the side of the chest. External intercostal
lie deep to it.
19. A. Quadratus femoris OR B. Gluteus maximus
______ Most superficial muscle of the gluteal region.
20. A. Extensor digitorum longus OR B. Tibialis
anterior____ The extensor digitorum
longus lies lateral and
deep to the tibialis anterior
1. Circular | The orbicularis oris muscle is a circular muscle that goes around the mouth. When it contracts, the oral opening becomes smaller, |
2. Unipennate | Lumbricals. They simultaneously flex the metacarpophalangeal joints while extending both interphalangeal joints of the digit on which it inserts |
3. Bipennate | The biceps brachii is a bipennate muscle with two heads of origin |
4. Multipennate | Deltoid. Multipennate muscles have multiple rows of diagonal fibre |
5. Parallel | Sartorius. Muscle fibres are parallel to each other |
6. Convergent | pectoralis major. It converges on the greater tubercle of the humerus via a tendon |
7. Fusiform | Biceps brachii. A muscle that has a shape of spindle, |
8. “Triangular” | Deltoid |
9. Trapezoid | Trapezius |
10. Diamond-shaped | The two trapezius muscles of the left and right side |
Naming based on location (body region), action, origin and insertion, size, shape, and orientation of muscle fibers
1. Body region | Pectoralis major - located in the pectoral region (anterior chest wall) |
2. Action | Supinator -supinate the forearm. |
3. Size | Gluteus maximus - largest muscle in the gluteal region |
4. Shape | Trapezius - shaped like a trapezium |
5. Orientation of fibers | Rectus abdominis - the fibres are straight |
Muscles of Facial expression
These muscles are subcutaneous. The muscles of the face develop from the pharyngeal arch mesoderm. These muscles are mostly innervated by the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII).