In: Advanced Math
(a). Prove the law of quadratic reciprocity for odd primes. Include all definitions and results used throughout the proof.
(b). Explain why it is enough to prove the reciprocity law for 2 and the quadratic reciprocity law for odd primes to answer the general question: Is m a square mod n for any positive integers m, n?
(c). Describe the role of permutations in the proof of quadratic reciprocity.