Question

Describe how the information about the Gpr56 gene (see article below) could be used to develop new treatments for myelin sheath disorders like multiple sclerosis in humans.

https://source.wustl.edu/2015/01/scientists-find-gene-vital-to-central-nervous-system-development/​

Please include all citations.

Answer 1

Gpr56 gene of human present on chromosome no 17 and it is involved in the myelin layer formation in oligodendrite axons. Defective in gene or protein leads to loss of myelination and neurons can transmit electrical signals properly leads various neuronal disorders (1). The loss of function can be by viral.infections like Epstein Barr virus or encephalopathy and may be be due to genetic mutations of HLA antigens like DR15&DQ6 and others include gout disease, smoking etc.

Gpr56 highly expressed in liver, muscle and cytotoxic T cells ans aslo in hematopoietic stem cells (2).

The multiple sclerosis is disorders occurs in hunans due to unknown reason (formation of autoantibodies to myelin sheath) leads to loss of myelination in neurons in elder people or aged people (3).

In that paper monk described the the role and regulation of Gpr56 in zebra fish nerve system. This gene involved in the regulation of myelin sheath formation in neuronal axons. She observed that in healthy neurons (active Gpr56) tnis gene involved in formation of myelin sheath and due to that they conduct and transfer signals very fast and in defect Gpr56 neurons there is a loss of myelin sheath formation and leads to loss of nerve conduction in brain and CNS but there are no symptoms in the body.

If you clone this gene and express in the form of recombinant protein and it can be injected in to the body and we can compensate the lost function in mutliple sclerosis disorder and the injected Gpr56 protein may be involved in the myelin sheath layer formation and restores the axon function.

Reference

1. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. XCIV. Adhesion G Protein–Coupled Receptors: Jörg Hamann, Gabriela Aust, and Helgi B. Schiöth

2. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000205336

3. NINDS Multiple Sclerosis Information Page". National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. 19 November 2015