A woman visits a clinic because her urine output has rapidly increased in the past day...

A woman visits a clinic because her urine output has rapidly increased in the past day with no additional fluid intake or diuretic use. You run tests on her blood, and find that she is exhibiting mild hyperkalemia, hypnoatremia, and acidosis. Shes also exhibiting hypotension.

a. What part of the nephron is not functioning properly in this case, why?

b. How are the symptoms related to this dysfunction?

c. If left untreated, what other symptoms would you expect to find related to the electrolyte and pH imbalances?

d. What hormone might you test for in the blood to determine the potential inderlying cause?

Solutions

Expert Solution

Answer.

A. The collecting tubule part of a nephron is not working properly. As per the given symptoms, she is facing facing vasopressin deficiency which leads to diabetes insipidus. Vasopressin receptors are located on the collecting ducts which helps in the reabsorption of water. Here, this is absent in women thus she is constantly going to urine.

B. One major symptom of diabetes insipidus is frequency of urination increases. Because vasopressin prevents going to urine again and again because of this it is known as anti diuretic hormone.

C. Vasopressin helps in lowering the osmolarity by reabsorption of water by the collecting ducts and distal convoluted tubule, thus, it helps in diluting the body fluids. Vasopressin deficiency will lead to increase in osmolarity because electrolyte concentration will increase and pH will decrease, means pH will become acidic.

D. This is happening because of vasopressin deficiency. This hormone is released from the posterior pituitary.

Sydney Mullin answered 1 year ago

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