Question

What is protein synthesis?

Answer 1

It is a biological process involved in the synthesis of the polypeptide from mRNA by using ribosomes and individual amino acids known as protein synthesis and it occurs inside the cytoplasm of the cell and also known as translation.

It has the following three steps

1.     Initiation

2.     elongation

3.     termination

1. In initiation the mRNA binds to the 30s subunit of ribosome with the help of IF1 and IF3 and forms the contact with 30s subunit 16s rRNA of and it will interact with shine Dalgarno sequence and after that 50s subunit and IF2 and fmet tRNA binds to the that complex and forms 30s initiation complex and later 50s binds to that complex leads to initiation The during translation charged tRNA bring specific amino acid sot the site of protein synthesis and it interacts with the codon of mRNA with help of anticodon loop. Each amino acid has its own tRNA

2. Elongation: After initiation, the ribosome moves one codon ahead with the help of elongation factors (EF-Tu, EF-Ts and EF-G) and using energy (GTP) knowns as elongation. The peptide bond formation between the two amino acids will be done by 23s rRNA and also knows as the ribozyme.

3. Termination: Once the mRNA sequence reaches to the stop codons (UAA, UGA, UAG) and this stop codon do not encode any amino acid and with the help of RF1, 2 and RF3 factors, the polypeptide will be terminated from the ribosomal complex knowns as termination.