First you see the lightning, which stops, and a few seconds later you hear the sound...

First you see the lightning, which stops, and a few seconds later you hear the sound of thunder. This illustrates

A. Overshadowing

B. Trace conditioning

C. Delayed conditioning

D. Blocking

Expert Solution

The answer is B. Trace Conditioning.

Becausein trace conditioning the conditioned stimulus (lightning) appears and stops and after a short interval of time the unconditional stimulus appears (sound of thunder).

Overshadowing is when there are two or more stimuli are present and one of them produces a stronger response than the other ones as it is more reliable.

In Delayed conditioning the CS is presented before the UCS and the CS stays on until UCS is presented. for example the dog may continue to growl(CS) as it bites(UCS).

The blocking effect is given by Leon J. Kamin, which occurs when the association between two stimulli (CS and UCS) is disturbed due to presenting it(CS) with another CS(CS2) which is already associated with the UCS.

for example, there is a dog who salivates (UCS) with the sound of the bell (CS) and then the sound of the bell is prensented with a flashing of light(CS2), now what happens is the salivation does not occur with the flashing of the light(CS2) so the association of CS2 and UCS is blocked due to the already existing association between CS and UCS. ie. sound of the bell and salivation.

Hayet Jeridi answered 2 years ago

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