Question

1. Which of the following statements is FALSE?

   		Pulmonary hypoplasia can be caused by a hernia
   		Surfactant is produced by Type 2 alveolar cells
   		Premature birth is strongly associated with respiratory distress syndrome
   		Tracheoesophageal fistulas are strongly associated with premature birth

2 points   

QUESTION 14

1. The _____________ becomes the urinary collecting duct.

   		urethra
   		metanephrogenic mesenchyme
   		mesonephric duct
   		ureteric bud

2 points   

QUESTION 15

1. During this stage of lung development, the respiratory diverticulum branches from the foregut.

   		Pseudoglandular stage
   		Canalicular stage
   		Embryonic stage
   		Terminal/saccular/alveolar stage

2 points   

QUESTION 16

1. In an individual with only one X chromosome,

   		functional ovaries are formed.
   		high testosterone levels are present.
   		low estrogen levels are present.
   		secondary sex characteristics are male.

2 points   

QUESTION 17

1. The _________________ are ectodermal invaginations on the ventral and lateral surface of the embryo.

   		pharyngeal pouches
   		pharyngeal arches
   		aortic arches
   		pharyngeal grooves

2 points   

QUESTION 18

1. A child with neural crest defects is most likely to also have a

   		muscular ventricular septum defect
   		membranous ventricular septum defect
   		endocardial cushion defect
   		atrial septal defect

2 points   

QUESTION 19

1. Which of the following patients has the greatest risk for developing patent ductus arteriosus?

   		A full-term infant treated with a prostaglandin inhibitor after birth
   		A premature infant treated with a prostaglandin inhibitor after birth
   		A full-term infant treated with prostaglandins after birth
   		A premature infant treated with prostaglandins after birth

Answer 1

13. Tracheoesophageal fistulas are strongly associated with premature birth

Explanation- Tracheoesophageal fistulas occurs in the development on baby during pregnancy stage. It starts when tracheoesophageal fistulas get swallowed by baby ,liquid pass through oesophagus to trachea and reaches to lung ,causes pneumonia and other lung difficulties.

pulmonary hypoplasia occurs due to physical compression of the lung by the extra or intrathoracic processes causes reduced intrauterine growth.For example -congenital diaphragmatic hernia.

In order to reduce alveolar surface tension ,surfactant get produced by type 2 alveolar cells to prevent the alveolar collapse.

Rsspiratory distress syndrome is a neonatal respiratory disease in lack of surfectant in the lung ,occurs in premature babies.The premature babies with respiartory distress syndrome need more oxygen during breathing.

14.ureteric bud

15.Embryonic stage

16.low estrogen levels are present.

17.pharyngeal grooves