Question

For The introduction include

1) Background about bacteria. specifically the differences between gram + and gram - bacteria. Talk about B. subtilus and E. coli (what they are?)

2) Background on antibiotic resistance, How it formed and how is it affecting the society

3) State the objective of this experiment

4) predictions- please use what I wrote on the board. predictions need to be rationalized, not opinion oriented.

Please write this in order 1, 2, 3, 4. Make sure the organizations are good. also

- Include reference, literature reviews

-No question form

-Paragraph-wise

Methods

-Need to be PASSIVE, don't use I, you, we, the professor

-Make sure you use the correct and precise term

-Please don't divide them into sections, need to be in paragraph

-Need to mention the type of antibiotic used, bacterias used

-Treat this like a real lab experiment

-Don't mention we wait a week. After incubation, it's the measure of ZOI. and that's it.

-Don't be excessive. Only write enough so someone could replicate your experiment.

Answer 1

1. One of the major difference between Gram positive and Gram Negative bacteria is in case of gram negative bacteria, it consists of thin peptidoglycan layer which is surrounded by an outer lipid layer membrane. The gram positive has thick peptidoglycan layer but the outer membrane is absent. The cell is smooth with low lipid content in gram positive bacteria and the wall is wavy with 20 to 30% lipid content. In cell walls of the gram positive, techoic acid is present but in gram negative it is absent.

B.Subtilis is a gram positive bacteria which is also catalase positive bacterium and mostly present in the GI tract of humans and animals. E.Coli is a gram negative bacterium which are anaerobic, rod shaped and mostly find in the small intestine of animals.

1. The antibiotic resistance is when the bacteria develops immunity and is able to grow even in its presence. This occurs when the effect of the drug is reduced against the bacteria. The resistance is gained either by mutation or by continuous multiplication of the bacteria surviving the antibiotic. Repeated use of antibiotic can cause resistance.
2. The objective of the experiment is to find out after how many uses and how many generations the bacteria tends to gain or develop a resistance against the antibiotic. It also helps in identifying what antibiotics is responsible for resisting which bacteria.
3. After prolonged use of a particular type of antibiotic for subsequent generation, it tends to impart resistance.