Question

Make a table listing the four major challenges to plants living on land. In the second column, list at least one plant adaptation for each challenge.

Answer 1

Ans:-Four major challenges to plants on land can be briefly described under the following headings:-

1. The first most challenge to plants on the land is to prevent water loss under a very bright sunlight and dry winds. plants get water from soil with the help of their roots and is necessary to carryout the various metabolic functions, growth etc. So in order to prevent dehydration plants have developed stomata on the dorsal side to prevent water loss similarly in dry and arid regions they have developed waxy cuticle.

2. Nutrient transportation:- since water and nutrients are found deep locked under the soil and are not easily available to plants on soil than in the water so plants have developed a vascular system for transportation.

3. Competition:- plants on the land are immobile and are restricted to a single place to grow so their are more chances that various other plants or grasses may grow with along them to compete for nutrients, sunlight, space.

4.Dispersal of offspring:-Water plants easily found a way to disperse their offsprings by simply releasing them into the water also sperms are dispersed into water which floats on water and is thus easily dispersed while as in case of land plants dispersal of offspring is challenging.

ADAPTATION DEVELOPED BY LAND PLANTS FOR NUTRIENT AND WATER TRANSPORTATION

Life has started from water and with time they evolved with the development of the vascular system responsible for transportation of nutrients and water in land plants while as in case of algal vascular syatem is absent because water is in contact and water enters algae easily. vascular system is composed of xylem and phyloem , xylem transports water and nutrients from roots to the rest of plant and phloem carries sugars from leaves to the rest of plant.