Question

1. Is the activity of penicillin dependent on bacterial cell division?

           a. Is it dependent on the type of cell wall (Gram +/Gram-)?

       b. How does osmotic environments influence the effects of penicillin activity on Gram + and Gram – cells?

Answer 1

A. (i) Conditioned reflux is: Researcher taps a pencil on a desk five times

(ii) unconditioned stimulus: Subject relaxes for two minutes

(iii) conditioned reflex/response: After two minutes of rest, the researcher taps a pencil on a desk five times, then takes the subject’s pulse without exercising.

(iv) unconditioned reflex/response: Subject performs jumping jacks for 30 seconds

B. If conditioning is successful, then subject pulse rate will increase as it start doing jumping jack after researcher taps a pencile.

1. Penicillin is able to block the bacterial cell division. Hence, answer is yes.

a. Yes, penicillin activity is dependent on the type of cell because peniciilin is effective against only gram positive bacteria but unable to kill gram negative bacteria as they do have cell wall surrounded with lipopolysaccharide.

2. Penicillin constrain the peptidoglycan repair, because osmotic lysis inhibits the peptidoglycan of gram postive bacteria.