Question

Explain in detail some unique developmental aspects of the human brain. Give an example, important to human brain development when, “the loss of an inhibitor is equivalent to the gain of an activator.” This is a common theme in developmental biology.

Answer 1

Some unique developmental aspects of the human brain are as follows-

1- Brain is made up of billions of neurons which are conscised together in the largest processing network involving neocortex and subcortical nuclei. These areas are highly important as they are responsible for all the communication between the brain and the body. Release of hormones, induction of signalling pathways, etc are responsible because of the presence of these nuclei and areas which are developed so early when we were foetus in our mother's womb.

2- Differentiation of neural progenitor cells- These cells mark the begining of development of different parts of brain. Formation of epiblast, and hypoblast, then these form primary stem cells which give rise to neural stem cells. These cells are capable of producing different types of cells of brian and nervous system.

3- formation of neural tube- one of the unique features of brain during the developmental stages is this formation. The region of the brain where neural progenitor cells exists is known as neural plate. Ridges on neural plate from both sides initiates the beginning of formation of neural plate. soon the structure is differentiated into anterior neurophore on roastral side while posterior neurophore on caudal side.These further differentiation give rise to procephalon, rhombcephalon and mesencephalon. Example- id the formation of neural plate is not initiated properly in growing time, this could to lead to restricted brain development which causes retardness of brain after the foetus is born.

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