Question

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According to the World Health Organization (WHO), Infertility is the inability to conceive a child. A couple may be considered infertile if, after two years of regular sexual intercourse, without contraception, the woman has not become pregnant (and there is no other reason, such as breastfeeding or postpartum amenorrhoea). Primary infertility is infertility in a couple who have never had a child. Secondary infertility is failure to conceive following a previous pregnancy. Infertility may be caused by infection in the man or woman, but often there is no obvious underlying cause.

Q: You are required to write a 2000 words detail report on the below topic.

- Genetic factors that cause infertility in male and female

Answer 1

ANS.Infertility is a highly complex disorder of the reproductive system.there are mainly two forms of male or femlae sterility.i.e primary and secodary.the primary form affects germ cell structure or physiology ,causing arrest of germ cell development and ultematly cell death.primary infertility includes premature ovarian failure,polycystic ovary syndrome,endometriosis and leiomyoma.and primary male infertility is disrupts spermotogenesis and associated with abnormal semen(i.e abnormal sperm count,morphology and motility).

Secondary infertility arises due to systemic or syndromic genetic defects,including developmental endocrine,and metabolic defects.genetic syndromes that manfest the male or femlae infertility are fragile X syndrome,kartagener's syndrome,mytonic distrophy,Noonan syndrome,Fanconi anemia,Sickle cell anemia,Beta-thalassemia, etc.other notable conditions includes disorders of sex development,reproductive dysgenesis disorders,ambiguious genitalia,and absence of vas deferens.some changes in chromosome or gene mutations causes abnormal sperm production or blockage of sperm flow that lead to male infertility.the most common genetic causes of infertility are chromosomal conditions that affect the sperm production.these includes klinefelter's syndrome(karyotype 47,XXY).chromosomal abnormalities may occur in autosomes or sex chromosomes.autosomal abnormalites inculdes translocations and inverstions.the most common se chromosomal abnormalities assiciated with female infertility is Turner's syndrome which the karyotype is 45,X.genetic abnormalities are present in as many as 10% of female infertile and 15% of infertile males.