Question

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According to the World Health Organization (WHO), Infertility is the inability to conceive a child. A couple may be considered infertile if, after two years of regular sexual intercourse, without contraception, the woman has not become pregnant (and there is no other reason, such as breastfeeding or postpartum amenorrhoea). Primary infertility is infertility in a couple who have never had a child. Secondary infertility is failure to conceive following a previous pregnancy. Infertility may be caused by infection in the man or woman, but often there is no obvious underlying cause.

Q: You are required to write a 2000 words detail report on the below topic.

- Age-related factors, contributing to infertility in female

Answer 1

Naturally fertility declines in females as they get older. Although there lots of factors responsible for infertility in woman age related factors have pivotal role.

According to researchers women are born with 1 million to 2 million eggs which decreases throughout the lifespan and their average age of menarche is 12-13. Peak years of fertility in women is early and mid 20, after which it starts to decline and accelerated after age 35. That means the number of eggs rapidly decreases after age of 35 due to the reduction in the number and quality of eggs in the ovaries. Lowering the number of eggs leads to changes in hormone levels gets decreasing, which further also reduces a woman's fertility. After a woman goes through menopause at the age of 40-50, there is no way for her to get pregnant naturally.

Increasing age also increases the risk for certain problems that can contribute to a loss of fertility. These include:

Uterine fibroids - Uterine fibroids are benign tumors, usually round that originate in the uterus. They are mainly composed of smooth muscle fibers of the uterine wall (myometrium) and they are much denser than normal myometrium.

Tubal disease – In this disease the fallopian tubes are blocked or damaged. Blocked or damaged fallopian tubes restrict the egg from entering or traveling down through fallopian tube to meet the sperm, thereby causing infertility.

Endometriosis - It is the abnormal growth of endometrial cells outside the uterus. The most common symptom is pelvic pain.

Genetic abnormalities of the remaining eggs, which can make them less viable or increase the chance of having diseased child such as Down syndrome.