Question

Compare and contrast the various motivational methods:

Management by objectives

Job enrichment

Behavior modification

Goal-setting theory

Expectancy theory

Equity theory

Reinforcement theory

Answer 1

Management by objectives (MBO) : It is a kind of management model which is mainly used to improve the performance and productivity of an organization by using particular objectives and these objectives should be agreed by the management as well as the employees who works in a company. The main aim of the MBO is to achieve the goals by proper planning as well as proper vision towards the goal.Main advantage of MBO is here the ideas of superior as well as workers are equally considered and the best one is taken and agreed by both parties.

Job enrichment : it is a kind of motivation given to the employees who works in a company or organization by giving additional work or important works to the employees so that they think or feels that their work is important for the company. It is a kind of job enrichment. Here the superior officers will assign important works or duties to the low level employees and they fell like their participation is very important for the company and they work much better .

Behavior modification : Hare the behaviour is modified or modification is done on the behaviour of each individuals who works under particular organization or company and this done by using particular techniques like biofeedback and positive and negative reinforcement.

Goal setting theory : it mainly refers to setting up a goal before starting a particular work.The goal should be clear and specific. Inorder to improve business the first step what we have to do is set up the goal firstly which help each and every employee to know what they have to achieve.

Expectancy theory : it refers that a particular selected individual will act or behave in a particular manner or in an expected manner. It is because they are selected to behave in a particular manner or in some particular expectations. For example expectations will be there while selecting an employee or individual so they will only perform to that expectation .

Equity theory : it proposes that each and every employees or workers are equal and it is a kind of motivation by providing fareness to each and everyone.

Reinforcement theory : it mainly concentrate on changing the behaviour of individuals and it done by using reinforcement ,punishments ,extinction. Rewards are given to the workers to improve the behavior as well as to motivate the workers.punishments are given to the workers if they are not working properly and if their behaviour is not correct.