Question

Draw a simple diagram and include detailed labels that shows: the two ways that meiosis creates genetic diversity (crossing over and independent assortment)

• You should draw chromosomes (complete with chromosome # and maternal/paternal symbol), and you might label them with different alleles.
• You will need two drawings each accompanied by a few sentences worth of text.

Answer 1

One of the main advantage of sexual reproduction is that it allows for genetic diversity which allows for the better survival of a group of organisms.eiosis is the process of forming a gametes which are sperm cells and egg cells.Now these gametes only contain half the number of chromosome that normally cells have.This genetic diversity occurs as a result of shuffling of chromosomes during the process of meiosis.Now crossing over is one of the mechanism by which genetic diversity is brought about.

In crossing over at the beginning of meiosis the chromosome condense form long strands into short thick finger like structure .In humans this looks like an X .Half of the chromosome in human cells comes from the mother and rest half from father .Now these chromosomes that form a pair are referred to as homologous chromosome.These homologous chromosome pair up with their non identical twins in the early part of meiosis.and exchange regions of DNA This process of exchanging the DNA is referred to as crossing over and results in shuffling of DNA regions between 2 homologous chromosome.

The diagrammatic representation of crossing over is given below-

Independent assortment is also a mechanism to bring about genetic variation.Here there is separation of homologous chromosome into gametes .That is independent assortment is the process in which two homologous chromosomes of a pair must go into separate gametes.Thus ensuring that each gamete can have only one of two homologous chromosome thus also ensuring that each can have only one version of a gene.

The diagrammatic representation of independent assortment is given below-