Question

Define and write a sentence?

What are the important mechanisms by which atoms are bonded?

Answer 1

There are different mechanism by which atoms are bonded to form molecules or show attraction with each other

a) Metallic bond: The bond is shown by metals in which the metals give electrons to form electron sea. Due to giving electrons the metals become positive. These positively charged ions are held by a force of attraction due to the electron attraction which is known as metallic bond. It is a primary bond.

Example: sodium, magnesium etc

b) covalent bond: The bonds are formed between atoms due to mutual sharing of valence electrons.

For example: Carbon has four valence electron which it shares with neighbouring four atoms and in turn share their electrons to complet its octet.

Methane

c) Ionic bond: the bond is formed due to complete transfer of electron from a more electropositive atom to more electronegative atom. the element which gives electron acquire positive charge while the other atom acquire negative charge.

Na⁺Cl-

d) Van-der-waal forces: The forces due to dipole -dipole interaction.