Question

What are some mechanisms by which pathogenic bacteria cause diseases? Why is this knowledge important?

Answer 1

CAPSULE

A number of bacteria overproduce and excrete abundant amounts of high molecular weight polysaccharides, also known as exopolysaccharides. This extracellular sugar covering is known as capsule. Different variety of bacteria make use of varied sugars to make the capsule. Capsule creation is one of the main virulence factors used by the bacteria to escape clearance from an infectious site. Particularly, the capsule gives bacteria shield from the host immune response as well as antibiotics

CELL WALL

Bacteria can be divided into two main groups which are based on differences in cell wall structure: Gram positive plus Gram negative bacteria. The cell wall of b Gram positive as well as Gram negative bacteria have toxic components which are powerful virulence factors and have vital roles in the pathogenesis of bacterial septic shock, a regularly fatal state which involves collapse of the circulatory system and can result in multiple organ system failure.

TOXINS

Toxins are similar to biological weapons in the sense these are proteinaceous or non-proteinaceous molecules which are produced by bacteria to demolish or harm the host cell. The main examples of non-proteinaceous toxins are LPS (endotoxin) for Gram negative organisms as well as teichoic acid for Gram positive organisms. Proteinaceous toxins (exotoxins) are normally enzymes that are delivered to eukaryotic cells by two different methods: one discharge into the surrounding milieu or second straight injection into the host cell cytoplasm through type III secretion systems or other mechanisms

Its knowledge important in order to be acquainted with the genomes of microbial pathogens and their eukaryotic hosts, combined with competent analytical tools and genome scale approaches as to studying gene expression, is revolutionising the advancement of novel tools for diagnosis, prognosis, and clinical management of infectious disease. Certainly, the use technologies can led to the discovery of shared secretory machineries, common regulatory mechanisms, and homology among secreted virulence effector molecules.

It is as evident from availability of numerous complete genome sequences of bacterial pathogens has considerably contributed to our understanding of the infectious disease method and led to the comprehension that many of these organisms use common mechanisms to cause infection and disease.

We look forward to discover the new methods and approaches will be developed to progress the rate of our explanation of microbial pathogenesis.