Question

In: Statistics and Probability

Read the beginning of the article “Control of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients With Diabetes and...

Read the beginning of the article “Control of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients With Diabetes and Hypertension at Urban Academic Medical Centers” in Diabetes Care, Volume 25, Number 4, April 2002 (http://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/25/4/718.long). For now, you need only to read up to the “Data Analysis” section on p. 719 (top of second column). Answer the questions below regarding the article. Note: The “cohort” in the article is the sample.

a) What was the objective of the study?

b) Was this a retrospective study or a prospective study? (Circle one)

c) What was the target population?

d) How many patients were in the sample?

e) How were the data collected (e.g., survey, experiment, chart review,…)?

f) What percentage of subjects in the study met the combined ADA goal for BP, LCL cholesterol, and HbA1c?

Solutions

Expert Solution

Answer:

a) What was the objective of the study?

  • The objective of this study was to determine the proportion of patients in urban institutions with diabetes and hypertension who meet the treatment goals mentioned below.
    • to reduce blood pressure (BP) to130/85 mmHg
    • to reduce LDL cholesterol to 100 mg/dl
    • to reduce HbA1c to 7%
    • to institute aspirin therapy in patients with diabetes.

b) Was this a retrospective study or a prospective study? (Circle one)

  • Retrospective study - Correct (In retrospective study data is acquired from completed studies or past events)
  • On the other hand, in prospective study, data is collected forwards in time from the start or commencement of the study)

c) What was the target population?

  • Patients at Urban Institutions or Academic Medical Centers in America

d) How many patients were in the sample?

  • 1,372 patients receiving medical care at two major urban medical centers in Brooklyn and Detroit

e) How were the data collected (e.g., survey, experiment, chart review,…)?

  • Active adult clinic patients with concomitant diabetes and hypertension were identified by outpatient diagnostic billing codes and medical records at Veteran Affairs Medical Center (VAMC) at Brooklyn and Detroit, Kings County Hospital/SUNY, and Wayne State University–University Health Center (WSU-UHC.
  • Information was then extracted from the chart and transferred to a standardized form for data collection. Data for each institution was then entered into a database using the same coding at a central location. Crosstabulation method was used to analyze data.
  • To assess the difference among institutions for continuous variables (e.g., age, BMI, HbA1c, LDL, and BP), ANOVA with Tukey’post hoc analysis was used. Data analysis was performed using the statistical software program SPSS Version 8 (SPSS, Chicago,IL)

f) What percentage of subjects in the study met the combined ADA goal for BP, LCL cholesterol, and HbA1c?

  • only a very small group (3.2%) had all CVD risk factors addressed comprehensively and met the met the combined ADA goal for BP, LDL cholesterol, and HbA1c.

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