Hagrid is rushed to the hospital after experiencing severe heart palpitations. The emergency team diagnoses it...

Hagrid is rushed to the hospital after experiencing severe heart palpitations. The emergency team diagnoses it as supraventricular tachyarrhythmia and immediately administers an IV rescue medication. The administration does not act as potently as expected and requires a higher dose. He does recover, but slower than expected. His wife confirms that the only drug he is taking is theophylline for emphysema, though he accidentally double-dosed the morning. Based on the information provided, i) name the drug used as a rescue medication, ii) explain how it relieves the arrhythmia, and iii) explain why it did not work as effectively as expected.

Expert Solution

For i) The drugs used in the treatment of supraventricular tachyarrhythmia are beta blockers and calcium channel blockers, which generally are used in the slowing of the heart rate. Based on the information provided in the question, the best intravenous medication which can be given to the patient is diltiazem hydrochloride. This drug has proved to be safe and effective in the treatment of patients with supraventricular tachyarrhythmia and has been ablet to effectively reduce ventricular rates

For ii) The drug is a non dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker and it inhibits the inflow of calcium ions into the cardiac smooth muscle during depolarization. Reduced intracellular calcium concentrations equate to increased smooth muscle relaxation resulting in arterial vasodilation and, therefore, decreased blood pressure. It being a negative chonotrope leads to decreased myocardial oxygen demand, decreased heart rate, and reduced blood pressure.

For iii) Theophyline blocks adenosine receptors, which can have drastic and toxic effects in the form of bronchodilation, tachycardia and arrhythmia. It also causes the endogeeous release of catecholamines and also stimulates the beta receptors, which can have a variety of adverse effects. The mechanism of the action of both the drugs are quite antagonistic to each other due to which the action was comparatively slower.

Positive response will be appreciated!

gladiator answered 1 year ago

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