Question

In: Anatomy and Physiology

A woman complains of severe weakness and heart palpitations, after a night of vomiting and diarrhea...

A woman complains of severe weakness and heart palpitations, after a night of vomiting and diarrhea from an intestinal flu. An ECG revealed mild cardiac arrhythmia and changes in the normal ECG tracing. Her breathing rate is low and her muscles weak. Analysis of plasma ion concentrations resulted in the following:

Na+ = 138 mEq/L, K+ = 1.8 mEq/L, Ca2+ = 4.7 mEq/L, Cl- = 101 mEq/L.

In the space provided below, please define and describe each disorder. Circle the disorder you believe is the cause of the described symptoms. Explain your choice, including why the other disorders were eliminated.

hypernatremia

hypokalemia

hyperchloremia

hypocalcemia

Solutions

Expert Solution

THE DISORDER IN ABOVE CASE IS "HYPOKALEMIA"

AS normal potassium level in serum is 3.5-5.2mEq/l but in this women its 1.8mEq/lit

HYPOKALEMIA- when blood potassium level is very less

as potassium is very important for heart cell muscle, nerve conduction

level of potassium in body is regulated by kidney

symptoms of hypokalemia

  • weakness
  • fatigue
  • constipation
  • muscle cramping
  • palpitations
  • paralysis
  • respiratory failure
  • breakdown of muscle tissue

cause of hypokalemis

  • inadequate potassium intake
  • diabetes
  • loss through urine or sweat
  • poor absorbtion of potassium
  • hyperthyroidism
  • long term use of diuretics

HYPERNATREMIA

increase in sodium electrolyte concentration and loss of water cause hypernatremia

normal serum sodium level is 135-145mEq/lit

cause

  • loss of fluid
  • diarrhoea
  • vomiting
  • diabetes inspidius
  • malfunctioning of kidney
  • fever
  • dehydration
  • exccessive exposure in sun

symptoms

  • thirst
  • fatigue
  • confusion
  • muscle spasm

HYPERCHOLREMIA

elevated level of chloride ion

norma; chloride conc is 96 to 106 mEq/L,

cause

  • Loss of body fluids
  • prolonged vomiting,
  • diarrhea,
  • sweating
  • high fever
  • High levels of blood sodium.
  • Kidney failure,
  • Diabetes insipidus or diabetic coma.

symptoms

  • fatigue.
  • muscle weakness.
  • excessive thirst.
  • dry mucous membranes.
  • high blood pressure.

HYPOCALCEMIA

Low calcium then average

average calcium level - 8.6 to 10.3 mg/dL

symptoms-

  • muscular pain
  • muscle stiffness
  • muscle spasms
  • paresthesias,
  • anxiety
  • mood swing'
  • dementia
  • depression,
  • irritation
  • hypotension
  • parkinsonism

cause

  • vitamin d deficiency
  • kidney diseasse'
  • stress
  • anxiety

Sydney Mullin answered 8 months ago
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