Question

1. A control group is ____________.
   1. A standard against which experimental groups are compared
   2. Identical to experimental groups except for one variable
   3. A standard with several variables against which an experimental group is compared
   4. Both a and b

2. A specific aspect of an object or event that may change over time or change among individuals is a ___________.
   1. Control group
   2. Experimental group
   3. Variable
   4. Sampling error

3. The fewer the number of individuals from a population that are chosen at random for an experimental group, ______________.
   1. The greater the chance of sampling error
   2. The smaller the chance of sampling error
   3. The less likely the differences among them will distort the test results

4. Match the terms with the most suitable descriptions.

_______adaptive trait a. statement of what you should find in nature if you were to go   

                                                              looking for it.

_______natural selection b. proposed explanation; educated guess

_______scientific theory c. improves chances to survive and reproduce in prevailing   

                   environment

              _______hypothesis d. related set of hypotheses that form a broadly useful, testable

                                                                             explanation

              _______prediction e. outcome of differences in survival and reproduction among

                                                                             individuals that differ in details of one or more traits

Answer 1

Answer for 1st question : Option d - both a and b

Explanation : A control group in an experimental setup serves as a standard against which the researcher can compare the experimental groups. Very often it is identical to the experimental groups except for it lacks the variable being tested.

So, Option d (both a and b) is the right answer.

Option c can't be the right answer because several variables can't be tested at a time by using a single control group.

Answer for 2nd question : Option c - variable

Explanation : In an experiment the term variables refer to a specific aspect of an object or event that changes over time.

Option a, b and d can't be the right answer because these terms do not correspond to the abovementioned statement in the question.

Answer for 3rd question : Option a - The greater the chance of sampling error

Explanation : The smaller the size of sample( no of individuals), the greater the chance of sampling error.

Also as the sampling is done randomly, so it increases the chance of sampling error as there is more differences between the values taken randomly.

So, Option a is the right answer while b and c are not.

Answer for 4th question :

Adaptive trait - c. Improves chances to survive and reproduce in prevailing environment.

Natural selection - e. Outcome of differences in survival and reproduction among individuals that differ in details of one or more traits.

Scientific theory - d. Related set of hypotheses that form a broadly useful, testable explanation.

Hypothesis- b. Proposed explanation ; educated guess.

Prediction - a. Statement of what you should find in nature if you were to go looking for it.