Question

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how and where androgens and estrogens are synthesized in the gonads

Answer 1

Answer.)

Androgen synthesis in males

Androgens are steroid hormones that control the articulation and upkeep of male sexual attributes

Adrenal androgens DHEA and androstenedione are created in the zona reticulata and zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex.

Testosterone is created Leydig cells, which are discovered nearby the seminiferous tubules of the testicles

In Leydig cells, LH starts the creation of pregnenolone

Pregnenolone is then changed over to DHEA in a two-advance process interceded by 17,20-lyase (17?-hydroxylase)

Since Leydig cells express large amounts of 3?-HSD and 17?-HSD, DHEA is quickly changed over to testosterone through the intermediates androstenediol and androstenedione

Testosterone is changed over to dihydrotestosterone (DHT) by the activity of 5?-reductase in target tissues; in spite of the fact that it is around one-tenth as plenteous as testosterone, it represents a large portion of testosterone's natural activity

Androgen synthesis in females

In spite of the fact that androgens are commonly viewed as the male hormones, they additionally assume critical physiologic parts in females

Dynamic androgens are to a great extent made from circulating precursors in their objective tissues, where they both act and are used

Androgen precursors exhibit in females include:

DHEA sulfate (DHEAS), delivered by the zona reticularis of the adrenal glands;

DHEA, delivered by the zona reticularis, ovarian theca cells, and incidentally from circulating DHEAS;

Androstenedione, delivered by the zona fasiculata of the adrenal glands, the ovarian stroma, and incidentally from circulating DHEA

Around half of testosterone in females is delivered from circulating precursor atoms, with the other half synthesized in the zona reticularis and the ovarian stroma

DHT is likewise created in females, yet courses in low focuses in serum and is to a great extent delivered in fringe target tissues

Testosterone, yet not DHT, is changed over to estradiol by the activity of aromatase (P450aro) in certain fringe tissues, and might be an imperative wellspring of estrogens in postmenopausal ladies

Estrogen synthesis in females

Estrogens are a class of steroid hormones which control the advancement and support of female sexual qualities

Glandular estrogen synthesis: happens in the granulosa and theca cells of the ovaries, and in addition the corpus luteum

The granulosa cells are fortified by LH to deliver pregnenolone

Pregnenolone diffuses out of these cells to nearby theca cells

Theca cells express 17,20-lyase and 3?-HSD, which intervene the transformation of pregnenolone to androstenedione by means of DHEA

Most androstenedione comes back to the granulosa cells and is changed over to estrone by aromatase, which is then changed over to estradiol by 17?-HSD

The statement of aromatase and 17?-HSD is controlled by FSH incitement

Extraglandular synthesis: Aromatase is communicated in non-gonadal locales and encourages fringe aromatization of androgens to estrone.

Fat cells: builds serum estrogens by changing over androgen to estrone.

Bone: changes over testosterone to neighborhood estrogen to help develop the epiphyses.

Estrogen synthesis in males

In spite of the fact that estrogens are in charge of female sexual qualities, they are additionally synthesized in males.

Certain fringe target tissues express aromatase, which encourages the transformation of circulating testosterone to estradiol and androstenedione to estrone.

These estrogens are thought to act locally and be processed in target tissues, which restricts their fundamental impacts.

Locales of aromatase articulation in the male incorporate the regenerative tract, especially in Leydig cells, Sertoli cells, and develop spermatocytes; the bone, especially osteoblasts and chondrocytes; and in fat tissues.