Question

QUESTION 22

1. Which of the following cities on the Mediterranean was the greatest center of Hellenistic culture?

	a.	Athens
	b.	Alexandria
	c.	Carthage
	d.	Delphi

2 points   

QUESTION 23

1. This Greek physician, called the “Father of Medicine,” who believed that illness resulted in large part from natural and bodily causes, and who stressed treating sickness with natural remedies, was…

	a.	Hipparchus
	b.	Asclepius
	c.	Hippocrates
	d.	Confucius

2 points   

QUESTION 24

1. Those early Christians of the Roman Empire who were killed or tortured for their belief in Jesus of Nazareth are referred to as which of the following…?

	a.	Bishops
	b.	Apostles
	c.	Martyrs
	d.	Eucharists

2 points   

QUESTION 25

1. Which highly ambitious figure from Roman history was assassinated in 44 BC because he was perceived as a dangerous threat to the ideals of the Roman Republic after being given the title “dictator for life”?

	a.	Brutus
	b.	Cicero
	c.	Augustus Caesar
	d.	Julius Caesar

Answer 1

22. b) Alexandria, the Mediterranean port city, was the greatest center of Hellenistic culture.

In 336 B.C., Alexander the Great became the leader of the Greek kingdom of Macedonia. By the time he died 13 years later, Alexander had built an empire that stretched from Greece all the way to India. That empire-building campaign changed the world, it had spread Greek ideas and culture from the Eastern Mediterranean to Asia. Historians call this era the “Hellenistic period.” (The word “Hellenistic” comes from the word Hellazein, which means “to speak Greek or identify with the Greeks.”) It lasted from the death of Alexander in 323 B.C. until 31 B.C., when Roman troops conquered the last of the territories that the Macedonian king had once ruled.

During the Hellenistic period Greek cultural influence and power reached the peak of its geographical expansion, being dominant in the Mediterranean World and most of West and Central Asia, even in parts of the Indian subcontinent, experiencing prosperity and progress in the arts, exploration, literature, theatre, architecture, music, mathematics, philosophy and science. As a result of Alexander’s policies, a vibrant new culture emerged. Greek (also known as Hellenic) culture blended with Egyptian, Persian, and Indian influences. This blending became known as Hellenistic culture. Koine, the popular spoken language used in Hellenistic cities, was the direct result of this cultural blending. Among the many cities of the Hellenistic world, the Egyptian city of Alexandria became the foremost center of commerce and Hellenistic civilization.

23. (c) Hippocrates, the Greek physician, called the “Father of Medicine,” believed that illness resulted in large part from natural and bodily causes, and stressed treating sickness with natural remedies.

Hippocrates was born around 460 BC on the island of Kos, Greece. He became known as the founder of medicine and was regarded as the greatest physician of his time. He lived from about 460 B.C. to 375 B.C. At that time when most people attributed sickness to superstition and the wrath of the gods, Hippocrates taught that all forms of illness had a natural cause. He held the belief that illness had a physical and a rational explanation. He established the first intellectual school devoted to teaching the practice of medicine. For this, he is widely known as the "father of medicine."
Hippocrates focused medical practice on the natural approach and treatment of diseases, highlighting the importance of understanding the patient’s health, independence of mind, and the need for harmony between the individual, social and natural environment. The focal point of Hippocratic medicine is the belief that medicine should be practiced as a scientific discipline based on the natural sciences, diagnosing and preventing diseases as well as treating them.

24. (c) Those early Christians of the Roman Empire who were killed or tortured for their belief in Jesus of Nazareth are referred to as Martyrs.

A martyr is a person who was killed because of their belief in Jesus and God. In the years of the early church,early Christians of the Roman Empire were often used to get killed by sawing, stoning, crucifixion, burning at the stake or other forms of torture and capital punishment. The word "martyr" comes from the Koine word which means "witness" or "tesimony". The early Christian period before Constantine I was the "Age of martyrs". Persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire occurred over a period of over two centuries between the Great Fire of Rome in 64 AD under Nero and the Edict of Milan in 313 AD, in which the Roman Emperors Constantine the Great and Licinius legalised the Christian religion. Early Christians were persecuted for their faith by both Jewish and Roman leaders.

25. (d) Julius Caesar

Julius Caesar was a renowned general, politician and scholar in ancient Rome who conquered the vast region of Gaul and initiated the end of the Roman Republic when he became dictator of the Roman Empire.
In 46 B.C. Caesar was made dictator of Rome for ten years, outraging his political opponents and setting the stage for the eventual end of the Roman Republic. Caesar then made several drastic reforms to benefit Rome’s lower- and middle-class, like, regulating the distribution of subsidized grain, increasing the size of the Senate to represent more people, reducing government debt, reforming the Roman tax codes etc.
Caesar declared himself dictator for life in 44 B.C. However, his crusade for absolute power was not liked by many Roman politicians. Fearing he would become the king, a group of senators conspired to end his life. Julius Caesar, was stabbed to death in the Roman Senate house by 60 conspirators led by Marcus Junius Brutus and Gaius Cassius Longinus on March 15, 44 B.C.