Question

Which do you think would result in an immediate response (within seconds or minutes) and which would take time (several minutes or hours to work?

(1-6) alter effective activity (7-10) changes enzyme activity

1. extracellular signal         

2. transcription factors

3.mRNA degradation

4. mRNA translation on ribosome

5. protein degradation

6. enzyme in subcellular organelle

7. enzyme binds to substrate

8. enzyme binds ligand (allosteric effector)

9 enzyme undergoes phosphorylation/dephosphorylation

10. enzyme combines with regulatory proteins

Answer 1

1. extracellular signal - This will show fast response specially which alter the effectivity.

2. transcription factors- This can be a slower process as the transcription factors effectivity will be slower as they are present in nucleus and due to dense nucleoplasm also.

3.mRNA degradation- it takes time, so it is slow process. Takes 9-10 hrs.

4. mRNA translation on ribosome- it is a fast process with a speed of 6-7 amino acid addition per sec.

5. protein degradation- it is slow process, can be faster if done with the help of enzymes.

6. enzyme in subcellular organelle- slower process as effect is also slow.

7. enzyme binds to substrate- fast process as it depends on the lock and key mechanism

8. enzyme binds ligand (allosteric effector)- fast process.

9 enzyme undergoes phosphorylation/dephosphorylation- Fast process these are catalysed by enzymes and show fast change in the conformation of protein.

10. enzyme combines with regulatory proteins- Fast process , this is as enzyme hinds with a substrate.