C. The circular chromosome-based genome of mitochondria in plant and animal cells, termed mitochondrial DNA or...

C. The circular chromosome-based genome of mitochondria in plant and animal cells, termed mitochondrial DNA or mtDNA, are quite distinct to one another in terms of their overall size, structure, sequence composition and genetic content. Detail these differences.

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Expert Solution

Parameter	Nuclear DNA	Mitochondrial DNA
1. Location	It is present in the Nucleus	It is present in the mitochondria
2. Histones	Present	Absent
3. Genes	Nuclear DNA is made up of 20,000 of genes	Mitochondrial DNA is made up of 37 genes
4. Inherited from	Mother and Father	Only mother
5. Function	Genetic information, Transcription and Translation	Respiration
6. Size	It consists of 3.2 billion base pairs	It consists of 16, 569 base pairs
7. Structure	It is linear	It is circular
8. Sequence composition and genetic content	It has 23 pairs in each cell and are diploid in nature. It is monocistroninc	It has no paired chromosomes with haploid. It is polycistronic
9. Introns	It has introns	It has no introns
10. Repari and Proof reading	It has repair and proof reading mechanisms	It has no repair or proof reading mechanisms
11. Recombination	It is varied by recombination	It has no recombination
12. Mutation rate	It has low mutation rate	It has high mutation rate

gladiator answered 1 year ago

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