In: Biology
Main differences between animal and plant cell are:-
1.Size: Animal cells are generally smaller than plant cells. Animal
cells range from 10 to 30 micrometers in length, while plant cells
range from 10 and 100 micrometers in length.
2.Shape: Animal cells come in various sizes and tend to have round
or irregular shapes. Plant cells are more similar in size and are
typically rectangular or cube shaped.
3.Energy Storage: Animals cells store energy in the form of the
complex carbohydrate glycogen. Plant cells store energy as
starch.
4.Proteins: Of the 20 amino acids needed to produce proteins, only
10 can be produced naturally in animal cells. The other so-called
essential amino acids must be acquired through diet. Plants are
capable of synthesizing all 20 amino acids.
5.Differentiation: In animal cells, only stem cells are capable of
converting to other cell types. Most plant cell types are capable
of differentiation.
6.Growth: Animal cells increase in size by increasing in cell
numbers. Plant cells mainly increase cell size by becoming larger.
They grow by absorbing more water into the central vacuole.
7.Cell Wall: Animal cells do not have a cell wall but have a cell
membrane. Plant cells have a cell wall composed of cellulose as
well as a cell membrane.
8.Centrioles: Animal cells contain these cylindrical structures
that organize the assembly of microtubules during cell division.
Plant cells do not typically contain centrioles.
9.Cilia: Cilia are found in animal cells but not usually in plant
cells. Cilia are microtubules that aid in cellular
locomotion.
10.Cytokinesis: Cytokinesis, the division of the cytoplasm during
cell division, occurs in animal cells when a cleavage furrow forms
that pinches the cell membrane in half. In plant cell cytokinesis,
a cell plate is constructed that divides the cell.
11.Glyoxysomes: These structures are not found in animal cells, but
are present in plant cells. Glyoxysomes help to degrade lipids,
particularly in germinating seeds, for the production of
sugar.
12.Lysosomes: Animal cells possesslysosomes which contain enzymes
that digest cellular macromolecules. Plant cells rarely contain
lysosomes as the plant vacuole handles molecule degradation.
13.Plastids: Animal cells do not have plastids. Plant cells contain
plastids such as chloroplasts, which are needed for
photosynthesis.
14.Plasmodesmata: Animal cells do not have plasmodesmata. Plant
cells have plasmodesmata, which are pores between plant cell walls
that allow molecules and communication signals to pass between
individual plant cells.
15. Vacuole: Animal cells may have many small vacuoles. Plant cells
have a large central vacuole that can occupy up to 90% of the
cell's volume.