Question

1-1. In your own words, what is meant by the statement that correlation does not imply causality.

2.In your own words,describe methods of A geneticist wants to develop a method for predicting the eye color of a baby, given the eye color of each parent.

Answer 1

sol. 1-1. .Correlation and causation (causality) are terms which are mostly misunderstood and often used interchangeably. Understanding both the statistical terms is very important not only to make conclusions but more importantly, making correct conclusion at the end. In this blogpost we will understand why correlation does not imply causation.

Get through the basic:

Correlation is a statistical technique which tells us how strongly the pair of variables are linearly related and change together. It does not tell us why and how behind the relationship but it just says the relationship exists.

Causation (Causality) takes a step further than correlation. It says any change in the value of one variable will cause a change in the value of another variable, which means one variable makes other to happen. It is also referred as cause and effect.

Example: When a person is exercising then the amount of calories burning goes up every minute. Former is causing latter to happen.

So now we know what correlation and causation is, it’s time to understand “Correlation does not imply causation!” with a famous example.

Ice cream sales is correlated with homicides in New York (Study)

As the sales of ice cream rise and fall, so do the number of homicides. Does the consumption of ice cream causing the death of the people?

No. Two things are correlated doesn’t mean one causes other.

Correlation does not mean causality or in our example, ice cream is not causing the death of people.

Sol.2. The method developed by geneticists:

there is still a lot that is not understood about the interplay among genes and their role in determining eye color, it is hard to make infallible predictions about what shade your baby's eyes will end up being. But there are some probabilities that are worth noting. Here is a general overview of some common scenarios regarding eye color:

• If both parents have blue eyes, the odds are significantly higher that the baby will also have blue eyes. Just remember though, that this does not happen every single time.
• Likewise, when both parents have brown eyes, the likelihood of the baby having brown eyes is very high. But, there are exceptions to this rule as well especially.

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