Question

1. Distinguish between the process of routing a packet from the source to the destination and the process of forwarding a packet at each router.

2. List four types of delays in a packet-switch network.

Answer 1

Diffrence between the process of routing a packet from the source to the destination and the process of forwarding a packet at each router:

1. The process of routing a packet from the source to the destination / Packet forwarding.

• The process of routing a packet from the source to the destination is also know as packet forwarding.
• Packet forwarding is the process to share or transfer the message or packets over more than two network.
• In the packet forwarding process the packets are transferred between a source interface and a destination interface.
• Packet forwarding are used for different-diffrent system not for the same.
• In the packets forwarding when source interface are ready to send the message to non-local area network source interface system forwards those packets onto the local network.
• In packet forwarding process for sending the message to destination interface IP address are used.
• If the destination interface IP address is not on the local Area network then  the packets are forwarded to the next adjacent(similar) network.

2.The process of forwarding a packet at each router/ Routing:

• ​​​​​​​The process of forwarding a packet at each router is also known as routing.
• Routing is a process where more than one router's are used to transfer the data packet over the network.and this process is known as routhing.
• Routers are specially configured systems with multiple physical interfaces that connect the router's to more than one local network.
• Routing is the process by which systems decide where to send a packet. Routing process are used to find the another router to send the packets or message.
• When the source interface system and the destination interface system are on the same network, the path that packets travel between them is called a direct routing path.
• When the source interface system and the destination interface system are not on the same network ( " packets passing through multiple router's" ) , the path that packets travel between them is called a Indirect routing path.
• In the routing process Routing protocol are used to learn the path to a destination interface.
• Routing protocols handle routing activities on a system to exchanging routing information with other hosts and maintain router's remote networks.

Four types of delays in a packet-switch network are:

Nework delay: Network delay is a design to deal with the conequences of a telecommunications network.Natwork delay are used to provide the detailed information about that how much time the network take to tarnsfer packets over network.Four types of delay in packet switch network are the part of network delay.

which is:

1. Processing Delay: Processing delay are used to provide that what time required to process a packet​​​​​​​ form the sender side to the destination side or interface ?. It is used to ckeck bit's error and output links.
2. Queueing Delay: Queueing delay are deal with the time spent waiting in a queue at any point along the route. It depends on the intensity and traffic of queueing.
3. Propagation Delay: Propogation delay are design to deal with time taken for one bit totansfer from source to destination at transfer speed of the link. It depends on physical medium. It occurs neutral for thoses routers which are on same network.
4. Transmission Delay: It is used to define the time taken to deliever the packets or message and time taken to receive the packets. It is also known as the "store and forward" delay.