Question

1. What is osteoporosis? Why are women more prone to osteoporosis?

2. Explain how hypothalamus regulates the body temperature when a person is exposed to warm conditions.

3. What are fontanels?

4, You are a physician and you get a patient with fractured bone. How would you explain the healing process to your patient?

Answer 1

Answer 1- Osteoporosis is a bone disease which develops when the bone density decreases and gets prone to the fractures.

It is common in females as the levels of estrogen decreses after the menopause. Oestrogen helps to regulate bone density, and as the levels are drop, bones begin to get weak , porous and break down quickly as compared to their formation.

Answer 2- When the hypothalamus senses that the body surface or an person is exposed to warm conditions, it sends signals to the body's sweat glands to make the surface sweat and cool it off. Like this it maintains homeostasis. It send messages to the blood vessels & make them dilate. This sends warm blood, fluids and salts to the skin, that results in the process of evaporation. It helps to make the surface cooler.

Answer 3- Fontanelle are the soft spot in the skull of an infant, that are either partially or not mineralized. There are six fontanelles present at the junctions of the cranial bones. They helps in allowing the proper brain development and for molding of the foetus head during it's passage through the birth canal.

Answer 4-As the fractures occurs, there is clot formation around the fractured segmentsegment, which stimulates the immune system that helps to remove the necrotic debris or infection around that area. Then a fibrous layer is let down which gets ossified after few days. This will results in the jeKing of fracture.