Question

I need a detailed essay about 600 words to understand for this topic : bacterial impacts on the environment and human life.

Answer 1

Environment is a place where different things are such as a swampy or hot environment. It can be living (biotic) or non-living (abiotic) things. It includes physical, chemical and other natural forces.Since everything is part of the environment of something else, the word environment is used to talk about many things.

Even environment influenced in humans & bacteria. Sometimes it useful & harmful. Bacteria are found in every habitat on Earth: soil, rock, oceans and even arctic snow. Some live in or on other organisms including plants and animals including humans. There are approximately 10 times as many bacterial cells as human cells in the human body.

Bacteria can live in hotter and colder temperatures than humans, but they do best in a warm, moist, protein-rich environment that is pH neutral or low acid. There are exceptions: some bacteria thrive in extreme heat or cold. some can survive under highly acidic or extremely salty conditions.Some times it's harmful due to bad bacteria like Pat O'Gen make you sick, while other bad bacteria spoil your food and water, making it unsafe. Bad bacteria love when the environment is unhygienic or dirty. bacteria can make copies of themselves very quickly so just one bad bacterium can make sick or spoil food items easily.

Some bacteria help degrade dead animals and plants and bring valuable nutrients back to Earth. Some species also help clean harmful pollutants out of the environment in a process called bioremediation. B acteria are also cheap and accurate sensors of toxic chemicals.

But as long as humans can't live without carbon, nitrogen, protection from disease and the ability to fully digest their food, they can't live without bacteria, said Anne Maczulak, a microbiologist and author of the book "Allies and Enemies: How the World Depends on Bacteria" There are two ways bacteria can harm the human body: toxicity – the bacteria produce toxins which damage specific tissues in the body. invasiveness – the bacteria multiply rapidly at the site of infection and overwhelm the body's defence mechanisms. The bacteria may then spread to other parts of the body.

Bacteria are single-celled microbes without a nucleus. Bacteria play many roles in our ecosystem. Bacteria are decomposers which break down dead material and recycle it. They also can be producers, making food from sunlight, such as photosynthetic bacteria, or chemicals, such as chemosynthetic bacteria. The biggest impact on environment is "What we eat is one of the most powerful drivers behind most of the world's major environmental issues, whether it's climate change or biodiversity loss," . The most significant effect of the microorganisms on earth is their ability to recycle the primary elements that make up all living systems, especially carbon (C), oxygen (O) and nitrogen (N). These elements occur in different molecular forms that must be shared among all types of life.

The primary harmful effects of microbes upon our existence and civilization is that they are an important cause of disease in animals and crop plants, and they are agents of spoilage and decomposition of our foods, textiles and dwellings.

Microbes Cause Infectious Disease

A microbe which is capable of causing infectious disease in an animal or plant is called a pathogen. Four groups of microbes contain pathogens: bacteria, fungi, protozoa and the viruses. Only the archaea and algae are lacking pathogens. Pathogens are the cause of infectious diseases.

Historically, infectious diseases are the most significant cause of death in humans. Until the beginning of the Twentieth Century, it is estimated that more than half the people who ever lived died from smallpox, caused by a virus, or malaria, caused by a protozoan. Bacteria, too, have been the cause of some of the most deadly diseases and widespread epidemics of human civilization. Bacterial diseases such as tuberculosis, typhus, plague, diphtheria, typhoid fever, cholera, dysentery and pneumonia have taken a huge toll on humanity.

Deaths from infectious diseases declined markedly in the United States during the 20th century. This contributed to the nearly 30-year increase in life expectancy during this period. In 1900, the three leading causes of death were pneumonia, tuberculosis (TB), and diarrhea and enteritis, which (together with diphtheria) caused one third of all deaths. In 1997, heart disease and cancers accounted for 55% of all deaths, with 4.5% attributable to pneumonia, influenza, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection .  

One of the most devastating epidemics in human history occurred during the 20th century: the 1918 influenza pandemic that resulted in 20 million deaths, including 500,000 in the United States in less than 1 year - more than have died in as short a time during any war or famine in the world. HIV infection, first recognized in 1981, has caused a pandemic that is still in progress, affecting 33 million people and causing an estimated 13.9 million deaths. This illustrates the volatility of infectious disease and the unpredictability of disease emergence and points us to the challenges ahead.  

Progress in the 20th century is based on the 19th century discovery of microorganisms as the cause of many serious diseases (e.g., cholera and TB). Disease control resulted from improvements in sanitation and hygiene, the discovery of antibiotics, the implementation of universal childhood vaccination programs, and technological advances in detecting and monitoriing infectious disease.