Question

Describe how you can apply the FOUR (4) early theories of motivation in a business setting.

Answer 1

Motivation is one of the best factor and concept in a business setting. It is a highly positive and energising factor the urges an individual to dream high and achieve his goal. An employees performance will be effective and efficient when motivated with various factors. In turn the business will grow to great heights with values.

The four early theories that can be applied in a business setting are

1. Abraham maslows hierarchy of needs theory

This theory states that an individuals motivational needs can be placed in a hierarchical manner. A thoroughly satisfied need will serve as a source of motivation.

The hierarchy of needs are

Physiological needs are the lowest and basic needs like hunger, thirst etc

Safety needs are protection at physical and emotional levels.

Social needs is the need of social relationships at different levels.

Esteem needs us feeling success at his inner level or self esteem.

Self actualization is the highest level to discover oneself and find the true potential.

In a business setting this theory of motivation completely concentrates on the employees. Once the employees are fully satisfied their focus will be in efficient productivity and creating values. Policies for the same should also be designed in the business setting.

2. McGregor's theory X and theory Y.

This theory talks about the positive and negative elements of human beings that are the base. Theory X believes the negative aspect that employees do not like the job and has to be directed and coerced. The opposite is theory Y that says employess do their job just like all other activities. The theory finalizes that challenging job and participative decision making act as a source of motivation for the employees.

In business setting it emphasises the need for opting challenging projects that will motivate the employees to contribute more.

Business setting should consider ideas and decisions from every individuals so that they feel important and empowered.

3. McClelland theory of motivation.

It talks about

Need for achievement is where a person will strive to excel and attain success in his job.

Need for power is where a person would want to influence others in various matters.

Need for affiliation is a kind of person who needs friendly relationships with people around him.

In a business setting, trainings for individual need should be focused on.

Rewards in various forms should be offered.

4. Herzbergs two factor theory

Popularly known as motivation hygiene theory talks about two factors that influence employees. They are

1. Hygiene factors that include wages, working conditions , job security etc. Recognition and growth should be offered through challenges and opportunities.

2. Motivation through various factors is the second aspect.

In business the overall environment and the working condition should be of the best and highly motivating.