1) what are the effect of leaving groups when comparing 1-chlorobutane vs. 1-bromobutane and compared 2-chlorobutane...

1) what are the effect of leaving groups when comparing 1-chlorobutane vs. 1-bromobutane and compared 2-chlorobutane vs. 2-bromobutane. 2) What are the effect of structures – 1°, 2°, and 3° halides when comparing 1-chlorobutane vs. 2-chlorobutane vs. 2-chloro-2-methylpropane and comparing 1-bromobutane vs. 2-bromobutane vs. 2-bromo-2-methylpropane. 3) What is the effect of steric hinderance when compairing 1-chlorobutane vs. 1-chloro-2-methylpropane. 4) What is the difference in reactivity of alkyl halide when comparing bromocyclohexane vs. bromocyclopentane in SN reaction. 5) What is the difference in reactivity of alkyl halide when comparing bromocycllohexane vs. bromocyclopentane in SN2 reaction.

Solutions

Expert Solution

Answer-1)

A) Comparision between 1-Chlorobutate and 1-Bromobutane.

Both 1-Chlorobutane and 1-Bromobutane are primary alkyl halide and hence will undergo substitution reaction follwing SN2 mechanism.

Transition state for SN2 mechanism involve pentavalent C state in which C-X (X = Cl or Br) bond parially weakend and C-Nu bond forms partially. Hence it's follows that better leaving group will show faster reaction.

Bromide (Br-) is better leaving group than Chloride (Cl-). Hence substitution reaction with 1-Bromobutane will be faster than 1-Chlorobutane.

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B) Comparision between 2-Chlorobutate and 2-Bromobutane.

Both 2-Chlorobutate and 2-Bromobutane are secondary alkyl halide and will show mixed SN1 and SN2 mechanism.

In both mechanisms alkyl halide concentration appear in rate expression and hence substrate with better leaving group will show faste substituton reaction.

As Br- is better leaving group than Cl- , 2-Bromobutane will undergo substitution faster than 2-Chlorobutane.

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queen_honey_blossom answered 1 year ago

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