Question

You are thrown from a bicycle while riding at speed on a gravel road. Immediately you start bleeding from several places where the gravel cut through your epidermis into your dermis and broke numerous blood vessels.

Your body's first response to this injury is to begin the process known as [a]. This process has three steps.

1. [b]: the [e] in the tunica media of your damaged blood vessels begins to contract, [f] blood flow to this portion of vessel, in an attempt to limit blood loss. Also, the [f1] of your tunica interna become "sticky" in an effort to help kick off the next step...
2. [c]: [g] circulating in your blood are attracted to exposed [h] and to the [f2] that became "sticky" at the end of step one. They begin to form a [i] and also begin to activate more cells of the same type to join them.
3. [d]: [q] factor (factor [1]) is released by damaged extravascular tissue. Together with the mineral [j], this factor activates factor [2], completing the [k] pathway. This factor activates factor [3], beginning the [l] pathway. Next, factor [4] is activated, then factor [5], known as [m]. This last factor initiates a [n] feedback cycle, activating more of itself as well as activating factor [6], known as [o1], a meshwork of which begins to form the actual [p1]. Finally, factor [7] is activated to strengthen the clot and begin its retraction. Blood cells of various sorts get caught in the [o2] mesh and help to solidify the [p2], stopping blood loss until the endothelial cells and rebuild the vessel lining.

WORD BANK:

• clot

• positive

• endothelial cells

• intrinsic

• platelet activation

• collagen fibers

• fibrin

• inflammation

• reducing

• extrinsic

• hemostasis

• coagulation

• tissue

• smooth muscle

• leukocytes

• vascular spasm

• calcium

• hemopoiesis

• thrombin

• common

• increasing

• magnesium

• thrombocytes

• negative

• plug

• I

• II

• III

• IV

• V

• VII

• IX

• X

• XI

• XIII

Answer 1

Question:

You are thrown from a bicycle while riding at speed on a gravel road. Immediately you start bleeding from several places where the gravel cut through your epidermis into your dermis and broke numerous blood vessels.

Solution:

Your body's first response to this injury is to begin the process known as [Hemostasis]. This process has three steps.

1. [Vascular Spasm]: the [smooth muscle] in the tunica media of your damaged blood vessels begins to contract, [reducing] blood flow to this portion of vessel, in an attempt to limit blood loss. Also, the [endothelial cells] of your tunica interna become "sticky" in an effort to help kick off the next step.
2. [Inflammation]: [platelets] circulating in your blood are attracted to exposed [endothelial cells] and to the [leukocytes] that became "sticky" at the end of step one. They begin to form a [plug] and also begin to activate more cells of the same type to join them.
3. [coagulation]: [tissue] factor (factor [III]) is released by damaged extravascular tissue. Together with the mineral [calcium], this factor activates factor [VII], completing the [extrinsic] pathway. This factor activates factor [X], beginning the [common] pathway. Next, factor [V] is activated, then factor [II], known as [thrombin]. This last factor initiates a [positive] feedback cycle, activating more of itself as well as activating factor [I], known as [fibrin], a meshwork of which begins to form the actual [clot]. Finally, factor [XIII] is activated to strengthen the clot and begin its retraction. Blood cells of various sorts get caught in the [collagen fibers] mesh and help to solidify the [clot], stopping blood loss until the endothelial cells and rebuild the vessel lining.