Question

Briefly describe 3 theories or models of crisis response. For each, explain its value in counseling individual(s) who have experienced or are experiencing crisis, trauma, or disaster. Be specific and provide real life examples to illustrate how you would utilize the theory or model in your work with clients who had experienced some type of crisis, trauma, or disaster event.

Answer 1

The term crisis is derived from the greek word "Krisis" which means decision or turning point. It can be an unexpected situation, an onset of situation leading to multiple unfavorable situations, or state of an individual who is prone to crisis, hence managing or overcoming a crisis is a challenge. It requires emotional support. Due to these reasons crisis intervention is gaining its improtance in community psychology.

It can be classified into three main models,

(i) Recompensation model: This model is patient oriented. It does not list out strategies to cope or understand the situation, it aims at healing the symptoms hence aiming at prevention of worsening of symptoms. Counseling individuals play a vital role. Here the symptoms are healed through empathy, sympathy, emotional and moral support.Keeping them occupied constantly through group activites and meditation techniques.

(ii)Stress oriented model: This model empahises on the stress that led to the crisis.It stresses on management and coping skills required for the individuals for future adjustment. This model helps in dealing with stress when encountered in future. Counseling individuals help the affected person to understand and analyse the situations, various stress coping skills are taught and practised. Followup is done with the individuals to understand thier ability to cope stress.Timely guidance and counseling is administered whenven the affected person is in need.

(iii) System oriented model: This kind of model not only deals with patient and the stress factor but the system on the whole, it can be family, friends, colleagues, society, anything associated to the patient.This is an effective way. Counseling inviduals can organise group counseling, here the group can be family or friends.