Question

Denny studied the effect of postural change on cardiovascular reactivity in a sample of healthy men and women. Change in systolic blood pressure (SBP) from supine to standing position was used as the measure of cardiac reactivity in a sample of 842 adults. Supine measurement of blood pressure was taken after participants had lain on an examination table for 15 minutes. Blood pressure was determined every 20 seconds using a Dinamap device for 2 minutes, and the 6 measurements were averaged. Participants then stood up immediately, and additional measurements were made for another 2 minutes. Below is a table describing the characteristics of Denny’s sample.

Table 1. Characteristics of the Study Sample (N = 842)

Sample Characteristic	Frequency (N)	Percentage   or Mean (SD)	Range
Gender      Female      Male	408 434	48.5%    51.5%
Age (years)      60 and older	842 101	55.1 (5.3)    16.2%	44–67
Race/ethnicity      White, not Hispanic      African American	701 141	83.3%    16.7%
Smoking status    Nonsmoker    Smokes <1 pack/day    Smokes >1 pack/day	698 91 53	82.9%    10.8%     6.3%
BMI      >25 (overweight)	831 295	24.9 (4.1)    35.5%	18.1–36.3

   Short Answer Questions

a. Which variables in the table, if any, were measured on a nominal scale?

b. Which variables in the table, if any, were measured on an ordinal scale?

c. Which variables in the table, if any, were measured on an interval scale?

d. Which variables in the table, if any, were measured on a ratio scale?

e. Which measure(s) of central tendency, if any, are presented in this table?

f. Which measure(s) of variability, if any, are presented in this table?

g. If age were normally distributed, approximately what percentage of the sample would be younger than 50?

h. If BMI were normally distributed, approximately what percentage of the sample would have a BMI higher than 33?

Answer 1