Question

A. Parents Education and Degree Attainment

	Mother or Father has BA	Mother or Father does not Have BA	TOTAL
Obtained BA	200	165	365
Did not Obtain BA	80	95	175
TOTAL	280	260	540

1. Reproduce the table using column percentages

2. Reproduce the table using row percentages
   

3. Reproduce the table using total percentages

4. Is there a clear independent variable; which variables is it?

5. What is the null hypotheses?

6. Compute the Chi-square; is the association significant?

7. Interpret the association

Answer 1

a)

based on column percentage
	Mother or Father has BA	Mother or Father does not Have BA	Total
Obtained BA	71.4%	63.5%	67.6%
Did not Obtain BA	28.6%	36.5%	32.4%
Total	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%

b)

based on row percentage
	Mother or Father has BA	Mother or Father does not Have BA	Total
Obtained BA	54.8%	45.2%	100.0%
Did not Obtain BA	45.7%	54.3%	100.0%
Total	51.9%	48.1%	100.0%

c)

based on total percentage
	Mother or Father has BA	Mother or Father does not Have BA	Total
Obtained BA	37.0%	30.6%	67.6%
Did not Obtain BA	14.8%	17.6%	32.4%
Total	51.9%	48.1%	100.0%

c)

d) Ho: Parents Education and Degree Attainment are not associated

e) variable Parent education is independent variable

Chi-Square Test of independence
	Observed Frequencies
	Mother or Father has BA	Mother or Father does not Have BA					Total
Obtained BA	200	165					365
Did not Obtain BA	80	95					175
Total	280	260					540
	Expected frequency of a cell = sum of row*sum of column / total sum
	Expected Frequencies
	Mother or Father has BA	Mother or Father does not Have BA					Total
Obtained BA	280*365/540=189.259	260*365/540=175.741					365
Did not Obtain BA	280*175/540=90.741	260*175/540=84.259					175
Total	280	260					540
	(fo-fe)^2/fe
Obtained BA	0.6096	0.6564
Did not Obtain BA	1.2714	1.3691

Chi-Square Test Statistic,χ² = Σ(fo-fe)^2/fe =   3.9065

Level of Significance =   0.05  
Number of Rows =   2  
Number of Columns =   2  
Degrees of Freedom=(#row - 1)(#column -1) = (2- 1 ) * ( 2- 1 ) =   1  
      
p-Value =   0.0481   [Excel function: =CHISQ.DIST.RT(χ²,df) ]
Decision:    p-value < α , Reject Ho  

conclusion: Parents Education and Degree Attainment are associated

f) it means  parent educations has an assocation with degree attainment,