Question

Compare in detail 2 microbial diseases of each of the following organ systems: skin, nervous system, and blood/lymphatic systems. How does a successful pathogen gain entry, invade host tissues (if applicable), and damage the host? What host defenses and medical treatments are a patient’s best hopes? Are disease symptoms caused by growth of the pathogen within the host, or by virulence factors (eg: toxins) released by the microbe, or both?

Answer 1

Microbial diseas of Skin

1.Staphylococcus infection - Impeligo -It infects the skin and can be detected by collecting pus and is found as abscess or boil depending on the leision.It appears as red swollen or painful.Infection are also observed in the deeper layers of skin ,crustinh of skin and redenning of connective tissue.

2.Herpes - Herpes simplex virus - Mucocutaneous herpes simplex infection effects mouth , lips, cornea,genitalsetc which may lead to tingling or itching and vesicle appearance on the skin. Sometimes leisions appears on nose ,ears or eyes.Vesicle rupture forming yellowish crust . Healing occurs after 10-19 days. In low immunity people infection may persist longer.

Nerve infections:

1.Bacterial meningitis -Neisseria meningitis, Streptococcus pneumoniae enter CNS through blood stream. Als spread from bacteria in respiratory tract,nasopharynx, sinuses or middle ear.Spresd from person to person by respiratory secreations.Nerve damage, tissue distruction , hearing loss,neurological disturbance etc occurs.

2.Tetanus -Clostridiu, tetani cause tetanus.They are soil borne bacteria produce exotoxin and remove acetylcholine from synapses. Effect muscles and cause clenched fists and jaws, paralysis , heart dysfunction leading to death. DPT vaccination to prevent tetanus.

Blood infection:

1.Septicemia effecting blood and blood vessels. Caused by Streptococcal septicemia by gram positive Streptococcus pyogenes. Feve, malaise and dropping of blood pressure occurs.Penicillin antibiotic therapy.

2. Plague - Caused by Gram negative Yersinia pestis. Transmitted through rodent reservoirs such as rat flea.Enter limphatic system and cause swelling of lympnodes, buboes. It is also called septicemia plague.Transmission through airborne dropllets.Antibiotic therapy to cure the infection.

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