Question

Create a table of the following Nervous System and Eye Diseases  :

1) Primary Amebic Meningoencephalopathy

2) Variant Creutzfeldt - Jakob disease

3) Trachoma

4) Cryptococcal meningitis

5) African sleeping sickness

6) Leprosy

7) Encephalitis

8) Rabies

9) Tetanus

10) Poliomyelitis

11) Botulism

Create columns as shown below:

Name of Disease	Causative Agent(s)	Common Mode of Transmission	Pathogenesis and Virulence factors	Epidemiology	Prevention and Treatment

Answer 1

name of disease	Causative agent (s)	common mode of transmission	pathogenesis and virulence factors	epidemiology	prevention and treatment
Primary amebic meningoencephalopathy	Naegleria fowleri	fresh water bodies,unsanitary water,soil	enters the central nervous system usually via nose and affects by feeding on the nervous tissue.	Rare and highly lethal cases may increase essentially due to better knowledge	preventing fresh water from entering the nose and reporting to Dr immediately when suffering from fever,nausea,headache,vomiting. Treatment-use of antibiotics (amphotericin,fluconazole, rifampicin,etc),targeted temperature management to treat cerebral edema.
Variant Creutzfeldt-jakob disease	prion	eating beef from animals affected by Bovine spongiform encephalopathy that is primarily caused by prion.also from blood transfusion and sperm donation	contamination of the food specifically beef by prion,blood or sperm are also found to be contaminated by prion accumulation	it's less common since 2000 due to awareness	prevention is by not consuming beef affected by disease,to check the blood quality before transfusion, sterilization protocol awareness and healthcare professional awareness. Treatment-only supportive care to make the remaining life better.no specific treatment available.
Trachoma	Chlamydia trachomatis	Direct or indirect contact with affected person's eye and nose.	Unclean living conditions,not enough water, children are higher risk individual, unsanitary condition of water and toilet	very high spread rate.	Prevention-it has been nearly eliminated from the developed countries but in the developing countries it's still on the rise due to unhygienic living conditions,high population etc.trachoma is preventative and treatment at the right time can prevent total blindness. Treatment-use of antibiotics like tetracycline and azithromycin. Surgery
Crytococcal meningitis	Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii	Infection by either of the two(most commonly neoformans)in mostly immunocompromised patient	immunocompromised patient mostly commonly Aids effected individual through pulmonary infection	high and potentially fatal	prevention-crytococcus screening in hiv/aids effected individual at regular period, effective ART THERAPY. Treatment-mostly supportive therapy and based on prolonging the life.
African sleeping sickness	Trypanosoma brucei	spread by Tsetse fly	spread is more in rural areas	present in sub-saharan Africa,declined incidence	prevention-use of all ways of insect repellent,by variying full sleeve cliths,mosquito nets etc Treatment-pentamidine,suramine,nifurtimox etc
Leprosy	mycobacterium leprae	close contact with infected patient	unsanitary condition,contact with jnfected patient	high incidence and high prevalence rate	prevention-early detection and awaremess,vaccine in progress. Treatment-use of multidrug therapy
Encephalitis	viruses,bacteria,fungus,parasite,autoimmune diseases,certain medications	infection with viruses(eg-rabies,herpes,polio etc),bactetia ,fungus etc,in patients with autoimmune disorder,inflamm infla of the brain	spread from any of the following factors resulting in headache,vomiti vo,nausea, inflammation etc	moderate occurrence but with high death rate	prevention-vaccination is available for several infectious agents,and also detecting the medication causing the infection Treatment-antiviral(if caused by virus)antifungal(if caused by fungi)antibacterial(if caused by bacteria) Anticonvulsant, corticosteroid, artificial respiration
Rabies	Lyssa virus including rabies virus and Australian bat Lyssa virus	Infected animal (dog/bat etc)bites or scratches other man/animal.	Infects the nervous system and causes fever, hallucinations,hydrophobia etc	high incidence and can be a type of neglected disease.	Prevention-vaccination of stray and wild animals,vaccina vacc of human being s soon as contaminated animal bites. Treatment-use of vaccine within ten days of exposure..once the symptoms have develpdev treatment is mostly supportive and vaccine is non curative.
Tetanus	clostridium tetani	infected soil,saliva,bacteria enters through cut or break in the skin layer	tetanus toxin interferes with muscle contraction that causes muscle spasms.non immunized individual	occur in neonates or unimmunized individual in the recent years	prevention-tetanus vaccination Treatment-use of tetanus immune globulin,muscle relaxant, mechanical ventilation, metronidazole and diazepam iv,magnesium sulfate etc
Poliomyelitis	polio virus	spreads via infected fecal matter entering oral cavity directly or via food or water or infected saliva	spread via fecal-oral route causing muscle weakness and eventually inability to move	less no of cases with time but goal is to eradicate till 2020	prevention-use of polio vaccine Treatment-no cure.only supportive treatment.
Botulism	clostridium botulinum	infected food,water and soil,also in street drug users	infection leads to paralysis and later may even progress to respiratory failure	fairly rare	prevention-use of proper cooked meal (as high temperature kills the infectious agents),no honey consumption for children less than 1 year of age. Treatment-use of botulinum antitoxin ,supportive care via mechanical ventilation and antibiotics and enema.