Question

1. Describe a mammalian organ system (e.g., nervous system, cardiovascular, muscular, etc). List any other systems and their major components.

2. Why would it be problematic if the esophagus was lined with simple squamous epithelium?

Answer 1

1) Mammalian cardiovascular system:

Heart is a muscular organ that pumps blood through blood vessels to the circulatory system. It is situated off centre to left side of rib cage between lung in mammals. It is a double pump system where blood passes through heart twice in a cardiac cycle. Heart has two types of chambers, upper atrium and lower ventricle. Blood enters through atria and leaves through ventricle. The back flow of blood in the heart is prevented by semilunar and atrioventricular valves.

Through superior and inferior vena cava the deoxygenated blood enters to right atrium. It then reaches right ventricle and pass to lungs by pulmonary artery. The oxygenated blood from the lungs reaches to right atrium and to right ventricle and through pulmonary vein to is distributed in rest of the body parts.

Mammalian nervous system:

Components: it consists of central nervous system and peripheral nervous system.

CNS is the major division and consist of brain and spinal cord.

Mammalian excretory system:

It includes kidneys, large intestine, liver, skin and lungs. Kidney is the part of urinary system, includes urinary bladder, ureter and urethra.

2) It will be problematic if the oesophagus was lined with simple squamous epithelium because, they can be exposed to deyness and abrasions. They can be karatinised and are not able to provide lubrications as the mucous does.