Question

III. Organization of the Nervous System (N.S.)

Explain the functions of each of the following systems:

A)Central :N.S. Brain- Spinal cord (p. 75)

B.) Peripheral N. S. : 1. Somatic N.S.-2. Autonomic N.S

C) Sympathetic branch Parasympathetic branch

Answer 1

• A)The central nervous system CNS is responsible for integrating sensory information and responding accordingly. It consists of two main components: The spinal cord serves as a conduit for signals between the brain and the rest of the body. It also controls simple musculoskeletal reflexes without input from the brain.
  
• The brain plays a central role in the control of most bodily functions, including awareness, movements, sensations, thoughts, speech, and memory. Some reflex movements can occur via spinal cord pathways without the participation of brain structures.
• The brain is roughly split into four lobes:
• Temporal lobe: important for processing sensory input and assigning it emotional meaning.It is also involved in laying down long-term memories. Some aspects of language perception are also housed here.
• Occipital lobe: visual processing region of the brain, housing the visual cortex.
• Parietal lobe: the parietal lobe integrates sensory information including touch, spatial awareness, and navigation.Touch stimulation from the skin is ultimately sent to the parietal lobe. It also plays a part in language processing.
• Frontal lobe: positioned at the front of the brain, the frontal lobe contains the majority of dopamine-sensitive neurons and is involved in attention, reward, short-term memory, motivation, and planning.
• The spinal cord is connected to a section of the brain called the brainstem and runs through the spinal canal. Cranial nerves exit the brainstem. Nerve roots exit the spinal cord to both sides of the body. The spinal cord carries signals (messages) back and forth between the brain and the peripheral nerves.
• The spinal cord contains circuits that control certain reflexive responses, such as the involuntary movement your arm might make if your finger was to touch a flame.
• The circuits within the spine can also generate more complex movements such as walking. Even without input from the brain, the spinal nerves can coordinate all of the muscles necessary to walk. For instance, if the brain of a cat is separated from its spine so that its brain has no contact with its body, it will start spontaneously walking when placed on a treadmill. The brain is only required to stop and start the process, or make changes if, for instance, an object appears in your path.
• Due to time limit,remaining can be asked as another question,they will be answered,thankyou for your cooperation