Question

Which statement is FALSE of the genetic code?

a) it contains a list of codons and the amino acids they code for which combine together to form proteins

b) a total of 20 amino acids are coded for by more than 20 codons

c) a codon 'word' consists of three nucleotides, and each codon codes for one amino acid

d) different codons can code for the same amino acid, if they share the same first two nucleotides in the codon

e) the third nucleotide in the codon needs to be precise for the correct amino acid according to the wobble hypothesis

What is natural hybridization between species?

a) the process of producing DNA clones by inserting the genes from one species into another

b) the process of individuals from dissimilar groups mating and forming viable offspring

c) the process of individuals that are genetically identical mating and creating genetically variable offspring

d) the process of amplifying small regions of DNA into millions of copies within a short period of time

e) none of these are true

After the process of meiosis is completed to form sperm and egg cells, they come together to created fertilized human cell which is..

a) diploid

b) haploid

c) a zygote

d) triploid

e) both A & C

What is NOT a physical characteristic of DNA?

a) double helix

b) antiparallel

c) complimentary base pairing

d) single stranded

e) has thymine bases

What is the direction of the flow of information within cells?

a) proteins, RNA, DNA

b) DNA, proteins, RNA

c) DNA, RNA, proteins

d) RNA, DNA, proteins

What is the difference between restriction enzymes (REs) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)?

a) REs are used to create millions of copies of DNA, PCR is involved in inserting DNA from one place to another

b) REs are used in cell regeneration, PCR is used in inserting fragments into bacterial plasmids

c) REs help cut DNA into smaller fragments, PCR is used to transfer foreign DNA from viruses

d) RE's cut DNA at specific sequences of nucleotides, PCR is used to amplify a certain section of DNA into millions of copies

e) RE's use the Cas-9 enzyme, PCR uses the CRISPR enzyme

In fruit flies, eye color is a sex-linked gene, where red color is dominant to the mutation causing white eyes. If a red-eyed male mated with a white-eyed female, what will the phenotypes of the offspring be?

a) all of the females will have red eyes, all the males will have white

b) all of the females will have white eyes, all of the males with have red

c) all of the offspring will have red eyes

d) all of the offspring will have white eyes

Which is TRUE of a DNA mutation?

a) is a change in the nucleotide sequence

b) always results in a change in the protein

c) may change the protein IF the change in nucleotide sequence occurs inside of a gene AND changes the amino acid of a codon

d) all of the above

e) A & C only

True or False: DNA methylation is a type of epigenetic change which can alter gene expression, even though there is no mutation in the genetic sequence itself.

Answer 1

1.     Which statement is FALSE of the genetic code?

e) the third nucleotide in the codon needs to be precise for the correct amino acid according to the wobble hypothesis

Reason: Postion of third code called wobble position is not important to decide amino acid it codes for.

2.     What is natural hybridization between species?

b) the process of individuals from dissimilar groups mating and forming viable offspring

Reason: Hybridization produces offspring having traits of dissimilar mating parents.

3.     After the process of meiosis is completed to form sperm and egg cells, they come together to created fertilized human cell which is..

a)     diploid

c)     a zygote

e) both A & C

Reason: Zygote is diploid cell that is result of fertlisation.

d)     What is NOT a physical characteristic of DNA?

d) single stranded

Reason: DNA shows antiparallel, Complementary and double helical structure. It is usually not single stranded.

e)     What is the direction of the flow of information within cells?

c) DNA, RNA, proteins

f)      What is the difference between restriction enzymes (REs) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)?

d) RE's cut DNA at specific sequences of nucleotides, PCR is used to amplify a certain section of DNA into millions of copies

g)     In fruit flies, eye color is a sex-linked gene, where red color is dominant to the mutation causing white eyes. If a red-eyed male mated with a white-eyed female, what will the phenotypes of the offspring be?

b) all of the females will have white eyes, all of the males with have red

	XR	Y
X	X XR	XY
X	X XR	XY
	Red eye Female	White male

h)    Which is TRUE of a DNA mutation?

a.      is a change in the nucleotide sequence

c)     may change the protein IF the change in nucleotide sequence occurs inside of a gene AND changes the amino acid of a codon

e) A & C only