What is the genetic code? What are the properties of the triplet codons? What does it...

What is the genetic code? What are the properties of the triplet codons? What does it mean that the code is redundant and what useful purpose does such redundancy serve?

Expert Solution

The genetic code is a three-letter nitrogen base code. It specifies a single amino acid in the protein. The codon sequences in the messenger RNA determine the amino acid sequence in the polypeptide:

mRNA -----> Protein: Translation

Properties of the genetic code:

i. Triplet

ii. Non-overlapping

iii. Commaless

iv. Start codon = AUG

v. Stop codon = UGG, UGA, UAG

vi. The genetic code is redundant: More than one codon can specify a single amino acid. Ex: GGG, GGA, GGC, and GGU code for glycine

Due to the redundancy of the genetic codon, certain mutations can be tolerated (do not change the amino acid in the protein). For example, GGA to GGC mutation does not change the amino acid. Such mutations are known as synonymous mutations. The redundancy of the genetic code provides buffering capacity for few mutations.

gladiator answered 2 years ago

Which statement is FALSE of the genetic code? a) it contains a list of codons and...

Which statement is FALSE of the genetic code? a) it contains a list of codons and the amino acids they code for which combine together to form proteins b) a total of 20 amino acids are coded for by more than 20 codons c) a codon 'word' consists of three nucleotides, and each codon codes for one amino acid d) different codons can code for the same amino acid, if they share the same first two nucleotides in the codon...

translation: Genetic code; codon. How many codons are there? How many code for amino acids? What...

translation: Genetic code; codon. How many codons are there? How many code for amino acids? What do the others do? What is the genetic code? tRNA; anticodon; aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase. What key role do aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases play in translation? Why is there more than one? Ribosome structure. What are ribosomes made of? Where are they made? Why are there 3 tRNA binding sites? Translation initiation complex Why wouldn't a transcribed mRNA not be translated immediately? Elongation & translocation in translation. In...

. What does degeneracy of the genetic code mean?

Describe what is meant by the ‘genetic code’.What does the Wobble effect?What are the...

Describe what is meant by the ‘genetic code’.What does the Wobble effect?What are the two ‘sites’ on the Ribosome, and what happens at each of these sites?

what are the genetic code rules

5) What does it mean that the genetic code is non-overlapping? 6) If you change the...

5) What does it mean that the genetic code is non-overlapping? 6) If you change the amino acids in a protein, does that change how it folds? 7) If you change the structure of a protein, what happens to its function? 8) Describe the differences between the 4 types of mutations? Which one is a bigger problem? Where does a mutation need to happen in order to change the protein?

Explain the meaning of genetic code, and describe how the genetic code functions. a. Explain the...

Explain the meaning of genetic code, and describe how the genetic code functions. a. Explain the one gene-one polypeptide theory. b. The DNA sequence of a gene determines the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. What studies have demonstrated this relationship? c. In what molecule are codons found? How many nucleotides are in each codon? How many nucleotides are available to make up each codon? How many different types of codons are possible? How many amino acids are...

1.What do we mean when we say the triplet code is universal? 2.If a mutation causes...

1.What do we mean when we say the triplet code is universal? 2.If a mutation causes a permanent change in the DNA sequence, how is it that most mutations are “silent” mutations 3.Suppose a young woman is exposed to a chemical mutagen and some permanent changes arise in the DNA (mutations) of some of her germ line cells. Will those mutations be passed down to her children? Why or why not 4. humans, attached earlobes (A) are dominant to free...

Why is redundancy built in the DNA code? Can a triplet codon for more than one...

Why is redundancy built in the DNA code? Can a triplet codon for more than one amino acid or can amino acids be synthesized by more than one triplet of codons? How many codons code for 20 amino acids? Why does mRNA have to be processed in eukaryotes and what does involve? What translates the DNA message and how? Explain what tRNA does. How is it possible to have 45 tRNA but 61 mRNA to code for the same amino...

What are the important chacteristics features of the triplet codon?

Question