Question

Describe the different host related properties of the agent of the disease and how do we measure each one of them in terms of rates.

Answer 1

1) Age:- host's age plays an important role as the immunity of a person increases with increasing age. Infants, younger ones, and old age people are at risk for many infections.

2) Sex:- some diseases are more common in a particular sex. For example, urinary tract infections are more common in females than in males.

3)prior exposure:- prior exposure of the host with the same infection or with the related one would improve his loan system and the prognosis would be better as compared to the one who gets infected for the first time.

4) immune response:- immune system of an individual depends on his diet, lifestyle routine, age, and prior exposure to infection. Proper absorptions of all vitamins and minerals will improve the immune system.

5)stress:- mental health plays a key role in building an immune system that fights man infection. stress can lead to physical weakness that results in an increased risk of getting infected.

6) nutritional status:- individual diet is very important. The human body needs healthy food for proper functioning and building the immune system. Unhealthy eating habits lead to many infections for example typhoid, cholera, etc

Rates can be calculated by calculating a particular disease's impact on a particular factor like age, sex, or health status. Eg., Mortality rate a disease at a particular age.

To calculate any rate you have to put the number of infected people in the numerator and put the size of the population in the denominator and multiply it by 100,000

For sex-related = infected males by particular disease of particular age divided by a total number of males in a population of the same age multiplied by 100,000.