Question

Are the concepts of fairness and equality in the distribution of income synonymous? To what extent isincome inequality consistent with fairness? What are the implications of your answer for government expenditure policy?

Answer 1

Fairness and equality might be synonymous in literature, but not so much in practice. When we say equality in the distribution of income, we undermine the fact that some of us might have worked harder than others. That is where fairness comes in. Those who do the same work should get the same reward - this is fairness. We are fine with inequality, as long as those doing more work get higher rewards, without discrimination or impartiality.

Additionally, fairness also entails accountability and transparency. This has to be reflected in the framing of government policy as well. Therefore, "equality" does relate to income distribution, but it is also tied to the distribution of opportunities. If opportunities are not fairly distributed, then economic development and poverty reduction cannot be achievable, so the policy needs to be aimed at the right crowd of people, which makes it "fair" over "equal".