Question

Among the elements presented below are the general characteristics of Japanese culture and
management:
1. keiretsus;
2. Amae;
3. paternalism or familiarity;
4. zaibatsu;
5. habatsu.
Indicate the correct combination:
a. 1-2-3;
b. 2-3-4;
c. 3-4-5;
d. 1-2-4;
e. 2-3-5.

Answer 1

Ans: (e) 2-3-5

A keiretsu (literally system, series, a grouping of enterprises, an order of succession) is a set of companies with interlocking business relationships and shareholdings.

Amae is a behavior described as gaining closeness through a parent-child like relationship.

Paternalism is the practice on the part of people in authority of restricting the freedom and responsibilities of those subordinate to or otherwise dependent on them in their supposed interest.

Zaibatsu is a Japanese term referring to industrial and financial vertically integrated business conglomerates in the Empire of Japan, whose influence and size allowed control over significant parts of the Japanese economy from the Meiji period until the end of World War II.

Habatsu (informal and formal cliques of people which form in order to maintain information flows, control, and power in stratified cross-sections of the organization) creates formal social structures resistant to ideas that threaten their autonomy.