Which structures of the nephron are affected by diuretics?

Which structures of the nephron are affected by diuretics?

Expert Solution

Diuretics are a class of drugs which are used to treat disorders that are caused due to increase in extracellular fluid volume. Diuretics inhibits the reabsorption of water from the tubules and increase the loss of water in the urine. The ascending loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubules and collecting duct are affected by diuretics.

Examples:

Loop diuretic inhibit the Na⁺/K⁺/Cl^-transporter present in the ascending loop of Henle. This transporter helps in the absorption of sodium, potassium and chloride which results in the reabsorption of water and other electrolytes back into the bloodstream. But due to the blockage of the transporter, these electrolytes passes through the nephrons and eliminate from the body through kidneys and urinary bladder.
Thiazide diuretic blocks the sodium/chloride transporter present in the distal convoluted tubule and prevents the absorption of sodium and chloride.
Amiloride blocks Na⁺channels present in the collecting duct.
Spironolactone blocks the aldosterone receptors present in the cortical collecting duct which results in the decreased reabsorption of sodium ions and water and secretion of potassium ions.

gladiator answered 1 year ago

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